Experts reveal new world magnetic model, predict how Earth’s magnetic field will shift in 5 years

Earth's magnetic field originates in its molten outer core. (Image: Canva)

The National Centres for Environmental Information (NCEI) and British Geological Survey (BGS) have unveiled the latest World Magnetic Model. This update, released on 17 December, predicts changes in Earth's magnetic field for the next five years.

The model is crucial for navigation systems and smartphone apps, ensuring accurate orientation for users worldwide. While the update may seem technical, it affects daily tools like Google Maps, used by millions.

Understanding Earth's Magnetic Field
Earth's magnetic field originates in its molten outer core. This layer of liquid iron lies around 2,200 miles below the surface. As the liquid iron moves, it generates electric currents. These currents create the magnetic field in a process known as the geodynamo.

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The geodynamo has sustained Earth's magnetic field for billions of years. Without it, the magnetic field would decay within 40,000 years. "Fluid motion maintains the field," said Bruce Buffett, a geophysicist from the University of California, Berkeley.

Magnetic North Pole and Its Shifting Location
The magnetic north pole is distinct from the geographic North Pole. While the geographic North Pole is fixed, the magnetic north pole shifts. Movements in the outer core cause the pole to travel tens of miles yearly.

In recent years, the magnetic north pole has shifted rapidly. It moved from the Canadian Arctic towards Siberia due to changes in the magnetic field. The magnetic south pole behaves differently due to Earth's asymmetrical magnetic field.

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Why Regular Updates to the Model Are Essential
The World Magnetic Model is updated every five years. It combines satellite data and ground observations to predict future magnetic field changes.

William Brown, a geophysicist with BGS, highlighted its importance. "Your phone uses the model to align GPS data," he said. The updates ensure continued accuracy for navigation apps and systems.

This update follows the regular five-year cycle. However, unforeseen changes can prompt earlier updates, as seen in 2019. Then, faster outer core movements required immediate adjustments.

For most users, the changes will go unnoticed. "Navigation will remain as accurate as before," Brown added. The regular updates help maintain seamless navigation experiences for everyone.