While the Codes overhaul 29 separate laws into a single structure, their provisions carry specific implications for mine workers, employees in hazardous environments, and textile-sector labourers, including migrants.
Experts say the codes have already been introduced in a staggered manner, and expect this approach to continue. There might be some modifications in specific laws that impact certain states like Bihar and Andhra Pradesh, they said.
There are 29 consolidated central labour laws under four codes on – wages, occupational health social security, and industrial relations.
The proposal appears unworkable in manufacturing, where machines need to be operated round-the-clock, and project-based sectors like real estate; longer hours may also deter women workforce.