The appointment of Malhotra, a 1990-batch IAS officer of Rajasthan cadre, comes eight days after the tenure of incumbent Financial Services Secretary Debasis Panda concluded.
The government in January launched a crop damage insurance plan to give a shield to millions of farmers who suffer when their crops fail.
The Centre has also moved to improve doing business in the country by easing foreign direct investment rules.
The meeting of the Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC) sub-panel, headed by RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan, reviewed domestic and international developments and their impact on the financial stability of the country.
As per the guidelines, the selection to the top job in the PSBs would be from the existing pool of executive directors (EDs) or deputy managing directors (DMDs) in state-owned banks with a remaining service period of 2 years.
"For five large banks we had different procedure. For remaining banks we are going to hire from the pool of executive directors of the public sector banks itself," Financial Services Secretary Hasmukh Adhia told PTI.
Hasmukh Adhia also announced the appointment of new heads of five banks, including two from the private sector, as part of fresh measures to improve the performance of the state banks, which are struggling with rising bad loans.
The Bureau is likely to be a six-member board comprising former CMDs of banks and financial services sector experts. There are 22 state-owned banks in India including SBI, IDBI Bank and Bhartiya Mahila Bank.
Vinod Rai also worked as Financial Services Secretary. He was director on several boards including the State Bank of India, ICICI Bank, IDBI Bank and Life Insurance Corporation of India.
"ARCs would play an important role in cleaning up NPA (non-performing assets) mess...ARCs need to be strengthened to deal with the rising NPA in the system," Financial Services Secretary Hasmukh Adhia said here.
A total of 85 such projects, from the power, steel, roads and ports sectors, with an outstanding bank credit of Rs 3.51 lakh crore were discussed in the special meeting.
MUDRA scheme is aimed at funding the unfunded," Modi said. The Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana, which has a corpus of Rs 20,000 crore, can lend between Rs 50,000-Rs 10 lakh to small entrepreneurs.
Speaking at the Round-table on Financing of Innovations, he said that the high growth which India has envisaged is possible only with productivity improvements across all sectors of the economy.
In Budget, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley had proposed infusing Rs 7,940 crore funds next fiscal in the public sector banks to enable them maintain adequate capital. "We don't have fiscal space and banks are adequately capitalised for the moment. There is no immediate need to raise funds from the market," Adhia said.
In line with private sector banks, there would be Managing Director and CEO with non-executive chairman. Earlier, bifurcation of the CMD's post was also suggested by Reserve Bank to the Finance Ministry.
The government today said it will decide about capital infusion in public sector banks in the next 10-15 days as stability is returning to the market.
RBI and ministry of finance are at loggerheads over functioning and powers of Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC).
Financial services secretary DK Mittal clarified that despite ministerial-level talks, the final call on reforms in the insurance sector rests with the insurance regulator.