World Kidney Day 2024: Unhealthy diets and supplements are the biggest causes of kidney disease

Reasons behind kidney problems: One of the biggest causes of kidney disease is the imbalance in diets, with excessive salt intake and insufficient potassium and protein (Image: Canva)

Amid a concerning rise in kidney-related health issues, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is stepping up efforts to enforce more stringent regulations for nutraceuticals and health supplements. Many of these products, frequently found to fall short of compliance standards, are under scrutiny due to their harmful impact on various organs. These are also one of the biggest reasons behind kidney problems. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 850 million people worldwide and has caused 3.1 million deaths in 2019.

The kidneys, essential for filtering waste from the blood and regulating substances within it, also serve a pivotal role in blood pressure regulation. This year's theme for World Kidney Day, observed on the second Thursday of March, is ‘Kidney Health for All’.

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Nephrologists' concerns: Impact on kidney health

Nephrologists are observing troubling trends in kidney health attributed to the overuse of nutraceuticals, health supplements, and misleading diets. They emphasise the importance of balanced nutrition for kidney function and overall well-being. Dr Rejitha Kaimal, Clinical Associate, Nephrology, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, talks about the impacts of such diet.

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Effects of unbalanced diets

One of the significant issues highlighted is the imbalance in diets, with excessive salt intake and insufficient potassium and protein. While patients with chronic kidney disease may benefit from reduced potassium and protein, a deficiency in these nutrients among healthy individuals can lead to various health complications.

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Consequences of low potassium intake

A diet lacking in potassium can result in symptoms such as excessive weariness, muscle cramps, weakness, and even heart arrhythmias. Additionally, a low protein diet can contribute to weakened muscles, decreased immunity, and a higher susceptibility to illnesses.

The solution: Mindful dietary choices

The solution, though simple, requires a conscious effort towards understanding what we consume. It is recommended to be mindful of our salt intake, with the advised daily consumption set at 4 gm or roughly one spoonful. Awareness of hidden salts in processed foods is crucial, prompting the need to scrutinize nutrition labels before making purchases.

Impact of excessive salt consumption

Excessive salt consumption has long been linked to high blood pressure, with individuals above 55 years old seeing a 22 percent decrease in stroke incidence and a 16 percent decrease in myocardial infarction incidence by reducing salt intake. Current hypertension guidelines stress the importance of reducing salt intake as part of lifestyle changes for optimal blood pressure control.

Healthy alternatives

An alternative approach is to steer clear of processed foods altogether and opt for fresh produce, particularly fruits, vegetables, and pulses. These foods not only provide essential protein but also offer a variety of micronutrients crucial for overall health.