Pancreatic cancer myths: Does it only affect pancreas? Is it always fatal?

Pancreatic cancer often has vague and non-specific symptoms, such as back pain, weight loss, and jaundice, which can lead to late diagnosis. (Image: Canva)

Pancreatic cancer arises when cells in the pancreas grow uncontrollably, forming tumours. The pancreas, located deep in the abdomen behind the stomach, plays a crucial role in digestion and blood sugar regulation. Most pancreatic cancers start in the cells that line the pancreatic ducts (adenocarcinomas), while others begin in hormone-producing cells (neuroendocrine tumours).

Despite advancements in treatment, pancreatic cancer remains challenging to treat due to its tendency to spread quickly and its resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Early detection through imaging tests and biopsies is crucial for improving treatment outcomes.

Here are some myths and reality of pancreatic cancer according to Dr Rajesh Kumar, senior consultant oncologist specialising in pancreatic cancer.

Myth: Pancreatic cancer is always fatal.

Reality: While pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate, early detection and advances in treatment have improved survival rates. Some patients do achieve long-term remission.

Myth: Only older people get pancreatic cancer.

Reality: While the risk increases with age, pancreatic cancer can occur in younger individuals as well. It’s important for everyone to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms.

Myth: Pancreatic cancer is solely caused by genetic factors.

Reality: While family history and genetic mutations can increase the risk, other factors like smoking, obesity, chronic pancreatitis, and diabetes also play significant roles.

Myth: Symptoms of pancreatic cancer are always obvious.

Reality: Pancreatic cancer often has vague and non-specific symptoms, such as back pain, weight loss, and jaundice, which can lead to late diagnosis.

Myth: There’s nothing you can do to lower your risk of pancreatic cancer.

Reality: Lifestyle choices like quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and managing diabetes can reduce the risk of developing pancreatic cancer.

Myth: Pancreatic cancer can be easily detected with routine screening.

Reality: There is no standard screening test for pancreatic cancer in asymptomatic individuals. Diagnosis often requires specific imaging tests and biopsies, typically after symptoms appear.

Myth: Pancreatic cancer only affects the pancreas.

Reality: Pancreatic cancer can spread to other parts of the body, including the liver, lungs, and abdominal cavity, making treatment more challenging.

Myth: All pancreatic cancers are the same.

Reality: There are different types of pancreatic cancer, the most common being adenocarcinoma. Other types, like neuroendocrine tumours, have different prognoses and treatment options.