Indian teams uncover how a ‘genetic switch’ lets pregnancy begin

Indian teams uncover how a ‘genetic switch’ lets pregnancy begin (Image: Canva)

Scientists in India say a small shift in early pregnancy may answer a long-standing question. They report a molecular signal that lets the uterus open briefly for an embryo.

How does this genetic switch start implantation?
Researchers from NIRRCH Mumbai, IISc Bengaluru and BHU Varanasi found two genes working like rivals during early conception. They say HOXA10 usually keeps the uterine lining firm and closed. The team reports that its activity drops exactly when an embryo touches the lining. This pause lets TWIST2 rise at the contact site and soften cells for attachment.

Their report says HOXA10 influences over 1,200 genes that keep tissue sealed. Its fall creates a controlled shift that increases cell movement but avoids full change. The shift helps the embryo settle without harming tissue.

Why do TWIST2 and HOXA10 matter for fertility?
IISc mathematicians built a model showing the pair form a reversible circuit. Their analysis reveals the circuit can move between closed and open uterine states. When scientists blocked TWIST2 in mice, they saw no uterine change and no implantation. The finding links this gene’s action to successful conception.

Could this help infertility treatment and wider science?
The study in Cell Death Discovery suggests failed implantation may occur even with healthy embryos. It points to the switch as a possible target for IVF support. The teams say this gene pair may also help explain tissue changes in healing, fibrosis and cancer.