Heart disease risk increase in women with autoimmune diseases, says cardiologist

Young women face higher risks of heart attacks and strokes. (Picture Credit: Canva)

Heart ageing was once related to stress and the occasional cigarette. But today, doctors are uncovering a far subtler enemy, especially for women: autoimmune disease. From lupus to rheumatoid arthritis, these conditions do more than ache joints or dry eyes. They inflame the body, causing serious heart trouble.

Across India, many women live for years managing autoimmune disorders without realising their hearts may be under attack. “Chronic inflammation is the common thread,” explains Dr Anupama V. Hegde, Senior Consultant, Department of Cardiology, Ramaiah Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Bengaluru. “This persistent inflammation damages blood vessels and accelerates atherosclerosis, often without obvious warning signs.”

Autoimmune diseases disproportionately affect women, accounting for nearly 75–80% of cases worldwide. Hormones, genetics and environmental triggers all play a role. As a result, women already juggling families and careers face an added, invisible cardiovascular risk.

Unlike a sudden infection, autoimmune inflammation simmers. “Slowly, it interferes with the lining of blood vessels, making plaque build-up faster and more dangerous.” Dr Hegde says, adding, “Many of these women develop heart disease at a younger age, sometimes decades earlier than expected.”

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Dr Hegde shares how specific autoimmune diseases affect the heart

Systemic lupus erythematosus

One of the leading causes of death in lupus patients is cardiovascular disease. Young women face higher risks of heart attacks and strokes.

Rheumatoid arthritis

RA accelerates hardening of the arteries. In India, women form the majority of those affected.

Psoriasis

More than skin-deep, psoriasis reflects systemic inflammation linked to heart attacks and strokes.

Sjögren’s syndrome

Chronic inflammation and vascular involvement may increase cardiovascular risk.

India already battles high rates of heart disease. For women with autoimmune conditions, the stakes are even higher. “Awareness is the first line of defence,” says Dr. Hegde. “Patients must speak openly with their doctors about heart risks.

Dr Hegde suggests simple steps that make a difference

Talk to your doctor

Ask about heart screenings and risk factors.

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Control inflammation

Proper treatment of autoimmune disease protects your heart too.

Know your numbers

Blood pressure, cholesterol and sugar levels matter.

Eat and move smartly

Balanced diets and moderate activity strengthen the heart.

Quit smoking and manage stress

Small changes can save years of heart health.

FAQs on autoimmune diseases:

Q1. What are autoimmune diseases?

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own healthy cells, tissues or organs.

Q2. What causes autoimmune diseases?

The exact cause is unknown, but a combination of genetic factors, hormonal changes, infections and environmental triggers may play a role.

Q3. How many types of autoimmune diseases are there?

There are more than 80 known autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes and thyroid disorders.

Q4. Are autoimmune diseases more common in women?

Yes. Women are more likely than men to develop autoimmune diseases, possibly due to hormonal and immune system differences.

Q5. What are common symptoms of autoimmune diseases?

Symptoms vary but often include fatigue, joint pain, swelling, skin rashes, fever, digestive issues and unexplained weight changes.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.