World Asthma Day 2024: 10 common triggers, plus tips for managing asthma symptoms

World Asthma Day 2024: Viral infections like the common cold or flu may seem like passing infections but in reality they can further inflame the already sensitive airways, thus exacerbating asthma symptoms (Image: Canva)

Asthma is not merely a condition. It is a constant companion shadowing the lives of millions worldwide, says Dr Arun Kotaru, Consultant, Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine at Artemis Hospital Gurugram. "Asthma, marked by frequent episodes of difficulty breathing and wheezing, disturbs the normal functioning of the respiratory system. Its numbers have increased significantly in recent times. The rise in pollution, changes in lifestyle, and a myriad of other factors have contributed to its rampant spread," he adds.

Dr Kotaru suggests that understanding and managing the triggers  can help reduce the symptoms of asthma. He shares 10 triggers of asthma attack:

Allergens: Things like pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mold aren't just harmless bits, they can really set off a reaction in the body. This can lead to inflammation and narrowing of the airways, causing problems for people with asthma.

Respiratory infections: Viral infections like the common cold or flu may seem like passing infections but in reality they can further inflame the already sensitive airways, thus exacerbating asthma symptoms.

Exposure to irritants: Whether it is smoke, air pollution, strong odours, or chemical fumes, some irritants can provoke asthma attacks by agitating the delicate respiratory passages and triggering inflammation in their wake.

Physical exertion or exercise: While exercise has an array of health benefits, it can be tricky if you have asthma. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is a common occurrence in people with asthma, where physical activity triggers airway narrowing and inflammation. However, this condition can be managed with proper warm-up routines and medications.

Change in weather: Cold air, humidity, or sudden temperature changes can bother your airways and cause asthma flare-ups.

Emotional stress: Strong intense feelings or emotional anxiousness can release stress hormones, which further lead to inflammation and tighter airways.

Certain medications: Even the medicines you take may trigger the symptoms of asthma. Medicines like NSAIDs and beta-blockers might worsen asthma symptoms in some cases.

Work place allergens: Asthma attacks can be triggered by exposure to allergens or irritants at work, thus leading to a condition known as occupational asthma.

Acid reflux: Acid reflux, often associated with GERD, can worsen asthma symptoms by irritating the airways, adding to the discomfort it brings and making asthma management more challenging.

Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes, especially in women during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause, can affect asthma symptoms.

Understanding these changes is important for managing asthma effectively.

Managing asthma: Apart from understanding and avoiding triggers, take the prescribed medications, like inhaled corticosteroids, in order to manage asthma effectively. It is important for reducing inflammation and preventing symptoms. Also, maintaining your health through physical activity, a balanced diet, and breathing exercises is essential. Regular follow-up with your doctor for symptom monitoring and medication adjustments is key to minimising asthma's impact on daily life.