Dementia symptoms and early signs, how to keep brain sharp in old age

Dementia, contrary to what many of us think, is not an inevitable part of ageing. It is, in fact, a progressive condition that can impact our memory, thoughts, and even the ability to function independently in everyday life, if not taken care of early.

In its early stages, dementia presents itself as a subtle condition: losing things, trouble remembering words, or uncharacteristic mood changes. In the beginning, many of us tend to ignore these memory lapses as “normal forgetfulness.”

However, if it's too frequent, these instances are a sign that not everything is fine with the brain, and it need to be addressed immediately. Ignoring the warning signs can quicken the decline.

Also read | Dementia: Manage blood pressure, ensure quality sleep, exercise daily to reduce risk

A combination of healthy habits, mental challenges and medical care can boost brain health, improve mental skills and help reduce the health risks of old age. Dr Anil Menon, a Delhi-based neurologist who specialises in memory disorders, lists the early symptoms of dementia, and suggests actionable steps you can take to keep your brain healthy.

“By staying vigilant and proactive, you or your loved one can preserve memory, prolong independence and improve overall quality of life,” he says.

Symptoms of dementia 

• Memory lapses beyond normal forgetfulness

Forgetting things sometimes is part of normal ageing. However, frequent memory lapses — such as repeatedly asking the same question, forgetting where you left something or having difficulty recalling recent events — can be a sign of a serious condition, such as Alzheimer’s disease.

What to do: Maintain a memory journal, do recall exercises and see a doctor for cognitive analysis.

Also read | Dementia in India: 5 everyday habits that can help protect memory and brain health

• Difficulty performing familiar tasks

Difficulty recalling how to cook your favourite dish or read your checkbook may signal diminishing executive function.

What to do: When people have trouble with complex tasks, they can be broken down into steps and reminders can be provided; occupational therapy can be helpful.

• Language problems

Early warning signs won’t always look the same, but struggling to find words, follow a conversation or name common objects can be important red flags.

What to do: Read, play word games and practice speech therapy exercises involving language centers work.

• Mood and personality changes

Caretakers should pay attention to individuals who are experiencing lingering depression.

What to do: Facilitate socialisation, stick with routines and, if symptoms are severe, seek professional guidance.

• Disorientation in time or place

Getting lost in familiar locations or failing to remember dates could be symptoms of a loss of cognitive function.

What to do: Reinforce orientation with calendars, labeled maps and predictable daily routines.

• Poor judgment or decision-making

Other possibilities include overshopping, neglecting hygiene and reckless driving.

What to do: Involve trusted family members in decision-making and reduce exposure to risky people and places.

• Withdrawal from social activities

As they put hobbies on hold, avoiding groups could be a window into cognitive and emotional shifts.

What to do: Encourage fun and low-stress activities, such as group programs designed to keep the brain active.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.