Do you use shampoo? Here's what you should know to avoid hair damage and frizz

Shampoos that are not pH-balanced can raise the scalp’s pH, leading to dryness, irritation, and even an overproduction of oil as the scalp tries to rebalance itself. (Image: Canva)

While shampoos are an essential part of many hair care routines, it's important to be aware of their potential drawbacks. Understanding the ingredients in your shampoo and their effects on your hair and scalp can help you make informed choices that support both your hair's health and the environment. Opting for gentle, natural, and pH-balanced shampoos and limiting the frequency of washing can go a long way towards maintaining healthy, beautiful hair. Here are seven reasons why shampoos could be terrible for our hair, according to Noida-based dermatologist Dr Madhu Ramya.

Harsh chemicals: Many commercial shampoos contain sulphates, such as sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and sodium laureth sulphate (SLES), which are strong detergents responsible for the foaming action. While these chemicals effectively remove dirt and oil, they can also strip the hair and scalp of their natural oils, leading to dryness, brittleness, and irritation. Parabens, another common ingredient, are used as preservatives but have been linked to potential health risks, including hormone disruption. Continuous exposure to these chemicals can weaken the hair over time, making it more susceptible to damage.

Over-stripping natural oils: The scalp naturally produces sebum, an oily substance that moisturises and protects both the scalp and hair. While shampoos are designed to remove excess oil and impurities, overuse can lead to the removal of too much sebum. Without adequate natural oil, hair becomes dry, loses its natural shine, and becomes more vulnerable to damage and breakage. This can create a cycle where the scalp compensates by producing even more oil, leading to greasy roots and dry ends.

Disruption of scalp pH balance: The scalp’s natural pH level is slightly acidic, typically around 4.5 to 5.5, which helps to maintain a healthy balance of moisture and protect against harmful bacteria. Shampoos that are not pH-balanced can raise the scalp’s pH, leading to dryness, irritation, and even an overproduction of oil as the scalp tries to rebalance itself. An imbalanced pH can also weaken the hair cuticle, making the hair more susceptible to damage and frizz.

Damage to the hair cuticle: The hair cuticle is the outermost layer of the hair shaft, acting as a protective barrier against environmental damage. Frequent shampooing, especially with products containing strong detergents or high pH levels, can cause the cuticle to lift, leading to rough, porous hair. A damaged cuticle can result in split ends, increased frizz, and a dull appearance. Over time, the hair may become more prone to breakage and less able to retain moisture, making it harder to manage and style.

Synthetic fragrances and dyes: Many shampoos are formulated with synthetic fragrances and dyes to enhance their appeal. However, these artificial ingredients can cause allergic reactions, scalp irritation, and even long-term damage. Fragrances often contain phthalates, which are chemicals linked to hormone disruption and other health concerns. Dyes, especially in colour-treated shampoos, can contribute to scalp sensitivity and exacerbate existing scalp conditions. For those with sensitive skin or allergies, these ingredients can lead to itching, redness, and discomfort.

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Silicone buildup: Silicones, such as dimethicone, are commonly added to shampoos and conditioners to create a smooth, shiny finish on the hair. While they can make hair feel silky and look glossy in the short term, silicones can build up over time, creating a barrier that prevents moisture from penetrating the hair shaft. This buildup can weigh down the hair, making it look flat, dull, and lifeless. Additionally, silicone buildup can make it difficult for other beneficial products, such as conditioners and treatments, to penetrate the hair, leading to dryness and damage.

Potential for increased hair loss: Some shampoos contain ingredients, such as alcohols and certain preservatives, that can be drying and harsh on the hair follicles. When the scalp is stripped of its natural oils, the hair follicles can become weak, leading to increased shedding and slower hair growth. In extreme cases, these harsh ingredients can contribute to conditions like scalp inflammation, which may exacerbate hair thinning or loss. For those already experiencing hair loss, choosing the right shampoo is critical to avoiding further damage.