What is popcorn lung disease? Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options for Bronchiolitis obliterans

Causes of popcorn lung condition: Medically called Bronchiolitis Obliterans, it is a rare but severe respiratory condition where the smallest airways in the lungs become inflamed and scarred. The condition is said to be irreversible, and vaping, especially those containing diacetyl and other harmful chemicals, has been linked to its development (Image: Canva)

Health and respiratory problems related to lungs can come in many forms. The latest one that has come to light is popcorn lungs. Recently, social media has been abuzz with the case of Brianna Martin, a teenager who developed a serious lung condition known as Popcorn lung due to chronic vaping. Her story has gone viral, sparking concern among parents, teens, and doctors alike. The symptoms of this condition are similar to a mild cold or asthma, which can delay diagnosis and treatment.

According to the American Lung Association, Popcorn lung, medically called Bronchiolitis Obliterans, is a rare but severe respiratory condition where the smallest airways in the lungs become inflamed and scarred. The condition is said to be irreversible, and vaping, especially those containing diacetyl and other harmful chemicals, has been linked to its development.

Popcorn lung got its name after workers at a popcorn factory developed the condition from inhaling diacetyl, a chemical used in buttery flavorings. That same chemical has been found in several flavoured e-cigarettes. The condition starts with subtle signs like shortness of breath during workouts, dry coughing fits, wheezing, and fatigue even in the absence of a cold. Over time, the damage becomes permanent.

Symptoms of popcorn lung disease: Don’t ignore persistent dry cough, breathlessness while walking or exercising, unexplained wheezing, or chronic fatigue (Image: Canva)

Don’t ignore persistent dry cough, breathlessness while walking or exercising, unexplained wheezing, or chronic fatigue. These symptoms may creep in slowly but worsen if not addressed.

Diagnosis needs detailed attention

A simple cold may not be so simple. If you have symptoms and a history of vaping, consult a pulmonologist. Tests like chest X-rays, CT scans, and lung function exams are commonly used. In complex cases, a biopsy might be needed.

Popcorn lung can’t be cured, but early treatment can improve quality of life. Doctors often prescribe corticosteroids like prednisone to reduce inflammation. Inhalers and bronchodilators can help open airways and ease breathing. In severe cases, oxygen therapy may be recommended. Lung transplants are considered only as a last resort.

The first step to healing is stopping the cause. Removing exposure to vaping products or harmful chemicals is non-negotiable. If needed, seek support through a cessation program or counseling.

Follow a healthy lifestyle:

Avoid smoky environments, follow a lung-friendly diet rich in antioxidants, and stay up to date with vaccinations. Regular checkups help track progress and adjust medications.

Despite the lighthearted name, the consequences are anything but. Brianna’s story is a warning, vaping may feel trendy, but it’s not worth your breath.