Prevent glaucoma and vision loss with these 7 eye care habits

How to prevent glaucoma: Avoid bright light by wearing polarised sunglasses and a broad-brimmed hat to help reduce glare and guard against damaging UV radiation (Image: Canva)

Glaucoma comprises a number of diseases that damage the optic nerve, a vital part of the eye responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain. This condition can lead to a decline in visual acuity, potentially resulting in partial or complete vision loss and blindness.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), open-angle glaucoma, which is the most prevalent form of the disease, causes a gradual rise in intraocular pressure. The lack of early symptoms in glaucoma cases explains why the condition often goes unnoticed, with a surprising 50 percent of sufferers being unaware of their condition.

Although glaucoma has no cure, its advancement can be slowed down and your vision can be protected with early diagnosis and lifestyle adjustments, says Dr Udbhav Dorwal, Associate Director- Ophthalmology, Max Multi Speciality Centre, Noida. “In its early stages, glaucoma, which involves fluid accumulation in the eye leading to increased IOP and optic nerve damage, might cause permanent vision loss without noticeable symptoms. If left untreated, this can result in permanent blindness,” he says.

Also read | Causes, types and symptoms of glaucoma, an eye condition that can lead to blindness if left untreated

Dr Dorwal suggests the following tips to maintain eye health and stop glaucoma from aggravating.

Glaucoma symptoms: Routine eye examinations are necessary for detection of glaucoma in its earliest stages (Image: Canva)

• Regular eye check-up: People with glaucoma may not notice it until they have already lost considerable vision. “Half the people who have glaucoma are unaware they do because central vision is preserved until late in the disease. Routine eye examinations are necessary for detection in its earliest stages. These tests usually involve the determination of IOP, inspection of the optic nerve, and performance of a visual field test. Such screenings every year are advised, particularly in individuals over 40 or with a family history of glaucoma,” says Dr Dorwal.

• Follow medications: According to Dr Dorwal, failing to take prescribed medication as directed may drastically increase intraocular pressure and accelerate vision loss. “Consistent use of prescribed medications is vital for glaucoma patients to prevent vision loss. Glaucoma medications, mainly eye drops, help lower IOP by either reducing fluid production or improving drainage. Setting daily reminders can help maintain consistency,” he says.

• Diet and nutrition matter: Eye health depends on a healthy diet, even though it cannot cure glaucoma. “Foods rich in vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin, and omega-3 fatty acids can promote optic nerve health and, in certain instances, reduce IOP,” he says, adding, “Eating a diet of leafy greens, colourful fruits, and fish can be good for the eyes. Add nuts, seeds, and citrus fruits to your diet as this can also provide additional eye protection.”

• Be active: Increased blood flow and possible IOP reduction are benefits of regular exercise. “Walking, jogging, and moderate exercise can slow glaucoma progression. But other exercises, like weightlifting or inverted yoga positions, should be avoided as they may raise IOP,” Dr Dorwal says.  He recommends consulting a physician before a new exercise regimen, particularly for those diagnosed with glaucoma.

• Injury and sun exposure: Eye damage may cause glaucoma or aggravate already present conditions. “Protective eyewear when playing sports, working around the house, or working outside can protect against damage. Patients with glaucoma also tend to be light-sensitive,” he says. Avoiding bright light is also critical. “Wear polarised sunglasses and a broad-brimmed hat to help reduce glare and guard against damaging UV radiation,” he suggests.

• Steroids:  Long-term use of steroids, in the form of tablets, drops, or even body-building anabolic steroids, is known to raise eye pressure and lead to glaucoma. “If you are taking steroids for any condition, regular checks on the eye are a must,” says Dr Dorwal. He also warns against self-prescription, particularly for chronic autoimmune disorders, because uncontrolled usage of steroids could result in vision loss.

• Quit smoking, limit alcohol: Smoking and excessive drinking can adversely affect optic nerve health and increase IOP. “It is important to quit smoking and reduce alcohol consumption as it not only safeguards the eyes but also general health. Adopting these lifestyle modifications can slow glaucoma progression and decrease the risk of other eye problems,” explains Dr Dorwal.