The A-Z of stock markets: A 2025 guide from Moneycontrol

The A-Z of stock markets: A 2025 guide from Moneycontrol

• India saw record IPO fundraising of Rs 1.95 lakh crore in 2025
• Domestic investors drove markets as FIIs made their biggest annual exit
• SIP inflows and mutual fund investments reach record highs, indicating strong retail interest.

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Moneycontrol brings you a comprehensive guide to remember the A to Z of 2025, rife with memes, songs or even movies that investors might attribute to the biggest market movers and shakers!

Despite largely rangebound headline indices through 2025, market activity beneath the surface was anything but quiet. India’s primary markets stole the show, with companies raising a record Rs 1.95 lakh crore through 365-plus IPOs, making it the biggest calendar year ever for listings. Domestic liquidity played a decisive role: mutual funds invested nearly Rs 23,000 crore in IPOs, increasingly anchoring large deals and absorbing supply even as secondary markets lacked directional momentum. That divergence defined the year. FIIs logged their biggest-ever annual exit of Rs 1.58 lakh crore, pressured by valuations, earnings downgrades, and global rate uncertainty.

Yet markets held their ground as DIIs poured a record Rs 3.6 lakh crore into equities in H1, while equity mutual fund inflows crossed Rs 3.22 lakh crore for the year. SIP flows hit fresh peaks, with monthly inflows above Rs 27,000 crore and SIP AUM topping Rs 15 lakh crore, underscoring steady retail participation. With the Nifty posting only modest gains and leadership narrowing, 2025 was less about index returns and more about capital flow shifts — away from foreign money, and decisively toward domestic institutions, primary issuance, and concentrated equity bets.