Symptoms of ovarian cysts, and what you should know about these fluid-filled sacs in ovaries

Symptoms of ovarian cysts: Excessive menstrual bleeding, frequent urination, a constant feeling of bladder fullness, and sudden changes in abdominal pain are warning signs (Image: Canva)

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside the ovaries. While most cysts are harmless and resolve on their own, some may cause discomfort or lead to health complications.

According to Dr Jacintha Mathias (MBBS, MD), Consultant Gynaecology, Holy Family Hospital, Bandra, Mumbai, most ovarian cysts are benign and do not affect female fertility. “Usually, cysts do not cause a threat to female fertility and often resolve on their own. They are the least worrying and the most frequent forms,” she says.

However, some types of cysts like endometriomas, cystadenomas, and dermoid cysts can be malignant or borderline and tend to grow with age. “If left untreated, these cysts may cause health issues and require proper medical evaluation. Regular checkups can help in early diagnosis and treatment of such cysts,” warns Dr Mathias

When to worry:

There are certain conditions when women should worry about ovarian cysts. “If you experience consistent pain and irritation due to constant, dull, or sharp pelvic discomfort, it’s time to consult a doctor. Excessive menstrual bleeding, frequent urination, a constant feeling of bladder fullness, and sudden changes in abdominal pain are warning signs. Women experiencing these symptoms should seek immediate medical attention,” she says, and adds that post-menopausal women with ovarian cysts must go for thorough evaluation, as they are at a higher risk of malignancy.

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Causes and risks:

There are various causes of ovarian cysts. According to Dr Mathias, the most common reason is hormonal fluctuationsduring the menstrual cycle. In Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), multiple cysts form in the ovaries due to failed ovulation.

Another common type is endometriotic cysts, linked to the retrograde menstruation theory, where menstrual blood flows backward into the fallopian tubes and implants on the ovaries. Infections like Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) can also spread to the ovaries, leading to cyst formation. Dr Mathias advises women to undergo regular ultrasound examinations and routine checkups to differentiate between benign cysts and potentially dangerous malignancies.

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While most ovarian cysts are harmless, it is important to be aware of the warning signs and risk factors. “Early detection through routine checkups and timely medical advice can prevent complications. If you experience persistent pelvic pain, bloating, or irregular menstrual cycles, consult your doctor for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan," she says.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.