Measles cases in the US: Causes, symptoms and treatment tips for this contagious disease

Symptoms of measles: Persistent cough, nasal congestion and red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis) are classic early symptoms. These signs can manifest before the rash (Image: Canva)

Once thought to be eradicated by widespread vaccination, measles is making a dangerous comeback in the US. Health officials say that there is an alarming spurt in numbers primarily because of falling vaccination rates, growing international travel and late diagnosis. The highly contagious respiratory illness is spread through coughing, sneezing or even just breathing around someone who’s contracted the disease. Since it is so contagious, even brief exposure can result in infection among the unvaccinated.

How measles spreads

“Although measles may resemble a benign viral illness early on, it has the potential to cause serious complications and shouldn’t be dismissed,” says Dr Kunal Srivasatava, MD- Medicine, Senior Consultant – Infectious Disease Healthcare Global. Complications, he says, can include pneumonia, profound dehydration, brain inflammation and in rare cases death.

Also read | Hundreds are quarantined in South Carolina as measles spreads in 2 US outbreaks

Symptoms of measles

The expert says that early detection of symptoms and timely treatment can help prevent complications and prevent it from spreading further.

High fever

A high fever is often the first indication of measles and can rise quickly. The temperature may rise above 103°F (39.5°C) and generally becomes worse as the illness advances. The patient should be Isolated and sought medical advice immediately.

Cough, runny nose and red eyes

Persistent cough, nasal congestion and red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis) are classic early symptoms. These signs can manifest before the rash. Stay home and call a healthcare provider at the earliest.

Also read | Measles outbreak: Here’s how you can protect your children

Koplik’s Spots inside the mouth

Small white or bluish spots in the mouth, especially inside the cheeks, are a classic sign of measles. If you have this issue, they should be assessed medically as a matter of urgency – It is highly suggestive of measles.

Skin rash

The measles rash generally begins on the face and moves down the body. It usually presents as red, flat areas, which can often come together. Don’t self-medicate, and consult a doctor to confirm.

Extreme fatigue and body aches

The consequences can include extreme fatigue, muscle pain and weakness that make day-to-day life a struggle. Rest adequately, keep yourself hydrated and get immediate medical care.

Sensitivity to light

Many patients have inflamed eyes that are sensitive to bright light, leading to general soreness or a burning sensation. Keep the patient in a dark and notify the doctor because only he can take care of the condition.

Worsening symptoms or breathing difficulty

Anxiety, chest pain or ongoing vomiting are signs of more serious illness, such as pneumonia. Seek emergency medical care immediately.

Treatment tips for measles

There is no antiviral treatment for measles. Treatment is supportive, with attention to symptoms control, hydration and fever management and complications' prevention. Doctors may prescribe vitamin A supplements in some cases. Vaccination is still the best way to prevent infection.

FAQs on Measles

1. What causes the resurgence of measles in the US?

The resurgence of measles in the US is primarily due to declining vaccination rates, increased international travel, and delayed diagnosis.

2. How is measles transmitted?

Measles is highly contagious and spreads through coughing, sneezing, or breathing near an infected person. Brief exposure can lead to infection in unvaccinated individuals.

3. What are the early symptoms of measles?

Early symptoms include high fever, persistent cough, runny nose, and red eyes. These signs often appear before the characteristic rash develops.

4. How can measles complications be prevented?

Early detection and timely treatment help prevent complications such as pneumonia, dehydration, brain inflammation, and, in rare cases, death.

5. Is there a specific treatment for measles?

There is no antiviral treatment for measles. Supportive care focuses on symptom control, hydration, fever management, and prevention of complications. Vaccination is the most effective prevention method.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.