Why trees are ‘exploding’ as polar vortex drives record cold across America

Arctic blast sparks ‘exploding trees’ claims (AI generated image)

The United States is grappling with a dangerous and potentially fatal weather emergency as bitter Arctic air surges across the Midwest and northern plains. Daily routines have been thrown into chaos, with record-setting low temperatures gripping tens of millions of people.

On social media, viral videos and posts claim that trees are ‘exploding’ under the extreme cold, with some users suggesting they are bursting like bombs. But how accurate are these claims?

Why trees appear to ‘explode’ in extreme cold

Meteorologists say the phenomenon is real and is known as frost cracking. It occurs when temperatures plunge below -20°F. At such levels, sap — the liquid that transports nutrients within trees — begins to freeze. Because water expands as it turns to ice, pressure rapidly builds inside the tree trunk.

Once that pressure exceeds the strength of the wood, the trunk can split suddenly, releasing a sharp, explosive sound that many people compare to a gunshot.

What frost cracking does to trees

The effects of frost cracking vary depending on the tree’s age and condition:

Broken limbs: Large branches can split, although trees rarely shatter entirely.

Severe trunk damage: Older trees or those with high moisture levels are particularly at risk.

Unusual structural failures: In rare cases, sizeable sections of the tree may snap off completely.

Forestry experts in Wisconsin say the noise often startles residents at night, with many initially mistaking it for gunfire.

Major winter system expands its reach

High-Impact and Far-Reaching Winter Storm UnderwayHeavy snow, sleet, and freezing rain has already overspread much of the south-central U.S. and will continue to expand eastward through Sunday. Be sure to follow advice from local officials and stay safe!! ❄️ pic.twitter.com/gAD6c3jxWF

— NWS Weather Prediction Center (@NWSWPC) January 24, 2026

Historic cold grips northern states

States such as North Dakota, Minnesota and Wisconsin are enduring some of the coldest conditions on record. Wind chills in parts of the region have dropped to minus -50°F.

The National Weather Service has issued a life-threatening cold warning, with around 150 million people affected by the winter storm system named ‘Fern’.

How residents can stay safe

Authorities and experts are urging people to take extra precautions during the Arctic blast:

Keep your distance from trees, as branches may fall unexpectedly.

Avoid going outside if you hear loud cracking sounds near your home.

Do not park vehicles beneath large or ageing trees.

Protect young or small trees by wrapping their trunks with burlap or cloth.

Water trees adequately before winter to improve resilience and reduce cracking risks.

Minimise time outdoors, as frostbite can develop within minutes in extreme cold.

What’s driving the deep freeze

The intense cold is linked to the polar vortex — a vast ring of icy air that typically remains locked around the North Pole. Scientists say disruptions caused by global warming and climate change are weakening this system, allowing frigid air to spill southwards into the American heartland.

Researchers warn that such extreme cold events could occur more often in the future, underscoring the accelerating pace of environmental change.