These tiny unstable atoms are changing how neutron stars explode

Two unstable atomic nuclei accelerate neutron star explosions. (Image: Canva)

• Scientists measured phosphorus-26 and sulfur-27 atoms with high precision.
• Discovery shows neutron star explosions are stronger and faster than thought.
• Findings improve models of element formation and cosmic explosions.

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Scientists have uncovered new clues about violent stellar explosions. The breakthrough reshapes how neutron stars release immense energy. It focuses on two unstable atoms previously poorly understood. The finding could transform astrophysics models worldwide.

The scientists behind the breakthrough

Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences led the study. Experts from Germany and Japan joined the investigation. The team combined nuclear physics with astrophysics expertise. Their findings were published in The Astrophysical Journal.

The atoms causing the cosmic rethink

The study focused on phosphorus-26 and sulfur-27. These atoms exist for fractions of seconds only. They appear during explosive nuclear reactions in space. Measuring them precisely was previously impossible. The researchers directly measured atomic masses with high precision. Results were far more accurate than previous estimates.

Where these extreme reactions occur? 

The reactions happen on neutron stars in binary systems. Neutron stars steal material from nearby companion stars. This stolen matter builds pressure and heat rapidly. Eventually, it ignites violent thermonuclear explosions. These events are observed as intense X-ray bursts. They briefly outshine entire star systems. Their brightness reveals conditions inside neutron stars.

A key reaction rewritten

Phosphorus-26 transforms into sulfur-27 more easily than thought. This speeds up the nuclear reaction chain dramatically. The explosion grows stronger and faster. Previous models underestimated this effect. The explosion grows stronger and faster. Previous models underestimated this effect.

Why scientists are excited? 

The discovery resolves long-standing theoretical uncertainties. It connects laboratory experiments with cosmic observations. Astrophysicists now trust their simulations more. The result strengthens nuclear astrophysics as a discipline. The smallest particles may reshape our cosmic story.

What this means for understanding the universe?

The findings improve predictions of element formation. They explain matter behaviour under extreme pressure. They help decode signals from future space missions. Small atoms now influence big cosmic answers. Scientists plan to measure more unstable nuclei. Future experiments will refine explosion models further.