Polar Bears are using 'jumping genes' to survive melting ice in Southern Greenland

Polar bears in southern Greenland show rapid genetic changes linked to jumping genes due to climate change. (Image: Canva)

Scientists have uncovered surprising genetic changes in polar bears. The changes may help some bears cope with melting sea ice. The discovery focuses on DNA elements called jumping genes.

The researchers found increased activity of jumping genes in polar bears. These genes can move within DNA. They influence how other genes are switched on. Higher activity was linked to warmer environmental conditions. This suggests rapid biological responses to climate stress.

The study was published in the scientific journal Current Biology. The scientists analysed DNA from polar bears in Greenland. Bears from southern Greenland were compared with northern populations. Southern Greenland is warming faster than most Arctic regions. The region provided a natural climate stress comparison.

Southern bears showed higher jumping gene activity. Affected genes relate to metabolism, ageing and heat stress. These changes may help regulate energy use. They may also affect fat storage and survival. The patterns differed from colder-region polar bears.

Polar bears depend on sea ice to hunt seals. Melting ice reduces access to food. Genetic flexibility may offer short-term adaptation. However, it does not guarantee long-term survival. The findings highlight limits of biological adaptation.

Scientists want to track genetic changes over time. They will study whether changes are inherited. Researchers will examine impacts on health and reproduction. Long-term survival remains uncertain under continued warming. The Arctic’s future will test these adaptations.