Hunger and hormonal changes can drive female mice to threaten their pups

Hunger and Hormones of female mice is a threat to their young ones (Image: Canva)

The female mice adjust their behaviour based on hunger and reproductive hormones. Their hunger can trigger aggression toward baby mice instead of maternal care. The study reveals how internal states guide social and survival behaviours.

What Researchers Found?

Female mice were studied, which helped the scientists to understand behaviour under various conditions. When hungry, females were found to have some aggressive reactions, rather than behave in a nurturing way. It is a pup specific aggression, and not adult mice or food.

Alteration of Brain Activity by Hunger?

Aggressive behaviour was greatly influenced by ArcAgRP neurons involved in the production of the sensation of hunger. When these neurons were activated, it led to attacks and when they were silenced it led to low aggression.

The brain patterns indicated aggression is specific to general stress or feeding. The neurons respond to the hormonal signals to regulate responses.

When and Where Aggression Occurs?

Aggression occurred in controlled laboratory tests with baby mice present. Real-time imaging showed different brain activity for aggressive and calm states. Hunger combined with reproductive stage shifted behaviour toward aggression rapidly. Non-aggressive states were observed when hormonal balance counteracted hunger signals.

Why Reproductive State Matters?

The estrous cycle influenced whether hunger led to aggression or care. Progesterone and oestrogen balance, rather than absolute levels, shaped responses.MPOA neurons integrate hunger and reproductive signals via HCN channels. These circuits decide whether a female mouse attacks or nurtures.

Implications for Science

The research indicates the way social behaviour is controlled by various internal states. Study on such circuits can be used to inform other mammals. It reveals the importance of the brain concerning its survival to parental attention.

Mice behaviour is an example of a physiological condition. Here the dynamical decision-making is influenced by the physiological state.