Moon surface (Representative Image: Canva)

China is gearing up to launch its Tianwen-3 Mars sample return mission, aiming for a 2028 departure. Liu Jizhong, the chief designer of Tianwen-3, shared this update during the second international conference on deep space exploration (Tiandu) held in Tunxi, Anhui province on September 5, 2024.

Mission Details and Timeline

Tianwen-3 mission will involve two separate launches using Long March 5 rockets. The first launch will deploy a lander and ascent vehicle, while the second will carry an orbiter and return module. This mission will build on the landing technologies used in the Tianwen-1 rover's successful landing. Potential enhancements to the mission include a helicopter and a six-legged robot to collect samples from various locations on Mars.

Despite earlier expectations of a 2030 launch, the timeline for Tianwen-3 has shifted, with optimal launch windows opening every 26 months. The exact launch date remains fluid, dependent on mission progress and hardware development.

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Scientific Goals and Landing Sites

The primary scientific objective of Tianwen-3 is the search for signs of life on Mars. The mission will target potential landing sites based on their astrobiological significance, such as environments that could have supported life, including sedimentary or hydrothermal systems.

Three potential landing sites have been identified: Amazonis Planitia, Utopia Planitia (where the Tianwen-1 rover landed), and Chryse Planitia. These sites were chosen for their scientific value, engineering feasibility, and safety based on local atmospheric conditions.

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Challenges and International Collaboration

The Tianwen-3 mission faces several challenges, including Mars surface sampling, ascent, and orbit rendezvous. Additionally, planetary protection protocols will be strictly followed to prevent contamination of both Mars and Earth.

China's commitment to international cooperation is a key aspect of the mission. The China National Space Administration (CNSA) plans to collaborate with global scientists on sample analysis and data sharing. Following the success of China's Chang’e-5 and Chang’e-6 lunar missions, which provided valuable samples for international research, similar collaborative efforts are expected for Tianwen-3.

Looking ahead, Tianwen-3 will lay the groundwork for future Mars research stations by working with international partners to define objectives and overcome technological challenges.

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