Symptoms of eczema: Expert tips to cure itching, dry and scaly skin, redness, swelling

Symptoms of eczema include intense itching, dry and scaly skin, redness, swelling, and in severe cases, blistering or weeping of the skin. (Image: Canva)

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characterised by inflammation, redness, and irritation. It often appears as itchy, dry patches on the skin and can affect any part of the body, including the face, hands, and feet. The exact cause of eczema is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Common triggers include allergens, irritants (such as certain soaps and detergents), stress, and changes in weather.

Eczema may also be associated with a family history of allergies or asthma. Symptoms of eczema include intense itching, dry and scaly skin, redness, swelling, and, in severe cases, blistering or weeping of the skin. Managing eczema involves avoiding known triggers, maintaining skin hydration, and using appropriate treatments to reduce inflammation and itching. Dermatologist Ishika Talwar, also the founder of ZenAura Wellness, lists down the effective ways to treat face eczema.

Gentle cleansing: Facial eczema requires careful cleansing to avoid irritation. Use a gentle, fragrance-free cleanser designed for sensitive skin. Lukewarm water is ideal, as hot water can strip the skin of essential oils, worsening dryness. After washing, gently pat your face dry with a soft towel rather than rubbing it, which can aggravate the condition.

Moisturising: Keeping your skin hydrated is crucial to managing eczema. After cleansing, immediately apply a thick, fragrance-free moisturiser to lock in moisture. Look for products with ingredients like ceramides, hyaluronic acid, or glycerin, which help restore the skin’s natural barrier. Avoid any moisturisers containing alcohol, fragrance, or dyes, as these can further irritate the skin.

Topical treatments: Over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream can reduce inflammation during eczema flare-ups on the face. For more stubborn cases, a dermatologist may prescribe stronger topical steroids or non-steroidal creams like calcineurin inhibitors, which help manage symptoms without thinning the skin. Regular application, as directed, can significantly improve the appearance and discomfort associated with eczema.

Avoid triggers: Identifying and avoiding triggers is key to preventing eczema flare-ups. Common triggers include harsh soaps, certain foods, stress, and environmental factors like pollen or dust. Keeping a diary to note what you were exposed to or ate before a flare-up can help identify specific triggers, allowing you to take preventive measures and better manage your condition.

Sun protection: Sunscreen is essential, but many products can irritate eczema-prone skin. Opt for mineral sunscreens containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, which provide broad-spectrum protection and are less likely to cause irritation. Avoid sunscreens with fragrances, alcohol, or other harsh chemicals. Regular application can prevent sun-induced damage while keeping your skin protected and calm.

Diet and hydration: A balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, such as those high in omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish, flaxseed, and walnuts), can help manage eczema. Staying well-hydrated supports skin health from within. Some individuals find that certain foods, like dairy or gluten, exacerbate their eczema, so it’s worth noting any dietary triggers and making adjustments as needed.

Stress management: Stress can significantly worsen eczema, making stress management techniques vital. Practices like meditation, yoga, and deep breathing exercises can help reduce stress levels, potentially leading to fewer flare-ups. Regular physical activity and adequate sleep also contribute to overall well-being, further supporting your body in managing eczema and reducing the frequency and severity of flare-ups.