World Pneumonia Day: Pulmonologist shares why early signs of pneumonia need attention before it’s too late

Persistent cough, fever, and shortness of breath can be early signs of pneumonia — experts urge timely attention to prevent serious complications. (Image: Pexels)

A persistent cough that just won’t quit. A sudden spike in temperature. Shortness of breath that leaves even a short stroll feeling like a marathon. Many a time, these early signs feel like a common cold, but they could be the first symptoms of pneumonia. This infection inflames the lungs, filling the air sacs with fluid or pus, making it hard to breathe and sometimes rapidly escalating to a life-threatening condition.

Pneumonia continues to be a silent killer that claims over 2.5 million lives every year worldwide, with more than half a million of these deaths occurring in children under the age of five, says Dr Raja Dhar, Director & HOD - Pulmonology, CMRI Kolkata. “Older adults, particularly those over 65, are also highly vulnerable..” he tells Moneycontrol and adds, “What makes pneumonia especially dangerous is its subtle start. A mild cough, slight fever, or fatigue may seem harmless, but without timely treatment, the infection can swiftly turn severe.”

Early recognition is important. “If patients are treated promptly at the outpatient stage, several lives can be saved,” Dr Dhar shares. "Hospital care should be reserved for severe cases and delivered in respiratory critical care units with trained specialists", Dr Dhar adds.

Also Read: Symptoms of double pneumonia in the elderly: Why early detection is critical

Dr Dhar suggest tips to spot pneumonia early:

• Persistent cough: Often worsening instead of improving over days.
• Fever and chills: A spike in temperature that comes with body aches.
• Shortness of breath: Difficulty in breathing, even during normal activities.
• Chest pain: Sharp discomfort that worsens with coughing or deep breaths.
• Fatigue and confusion: Especially in older adults, who may not show typical symptoms.

He further shares prevention tips:

• Vaccinations: Stay updated with pneumonia and influenza vaccines. Children, elderly, and those with chronic conditions are priority groups.
• Good nutrition: A balanced diet strengthens immunity, helping the body fight infections.
• Hand hygiene: Frequent handwashing reduces transmission of germs.
• Avoid smoking: Smoke damages lung tissue, increasing vulnerability.
• Rational use of antibiotics: Overuse can lead to resistance, making infections harder to treat.

Also Read: Doctors urge shift to risk-based adult vaccination for pneumococcal diseases

On this World Pneumonia Day, pulmonologist reminds us that protecting the lungs is protecting life. “Seek medical help early for any signs of lung infection, and take proactive steps to safeguard your loved ones, especially the very young and the elderly.”

FAQs on Pneumonia and Its Early Signs

1. What are the early signs of pneumonia?

Early signs include a persistent cough, a sudden spike in temperature, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue or confusion, especially in older adults.

2. How can I differentiate pneumonia from a common cold?

Unlike a common cold, pneumonia typically involves a persistent cough that worsens, fever and chills, significant shortness of breath, sharp chest pain, and severe fatigue.

3. Who is most at risk for pneumonia?

Children under five, adults over 65, and individuals with chronic conditions are most vulnerable to pneumonia.

4. How can pneumonia be prevented?

Prevention methods include staying updated with vaccinations, maintaining good nutrition, practising hand hygiene, avoiding smoking, and using antibiotics rationally.

5. When should I seek medical help for pneumonia?

Seek medical help early if you notice persistent cough, high fever, shortness of breath, chest pain, or severe fatigue. Early treatment can prevent severe complications.Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.