World Cancer Day 2025: Easy lifestyle tweaks to prevent cancer risk in adults under 50

Causes of cancer: While age remains a significant risk factor, a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and modern lifestyle habits has contributed to the increase (Image: Canva)

Young adults are increasingly being diagnosed with cancer, with cases among those under 50 rising significantly over the past few decades. Research suggests that this trend is driven by a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental pollutants, and lifestyle factors.

Cancer, once considered a disease primarily affecting older adults, is increasingly being diagnosed in younger people, warns Dr Deepak Jha, Chief of Breast Surgery & Senior Consultant in Surgical Oncology, Artemis Hospitals. “Cancer in younger adults is a growing concern. While age remains a significant risk factor, a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and modern lifestyle habits has contributed to the increase.” he says.

To better understand this trend, he breaks down the key contributors:

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Genetic predisposition and family history:

Genetics play a crucial role in cancer risk. Certain inherited mutations, such as those in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, are linked to an increased risk of breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers.

Similarly, Lynch syndrome is associated with colorectal, uterine, and stomach cancers. Dr Jha explains, “As we see more young adults diagnosed with genetically linked cancers, it’s important to understand family history and undergo genetic screening when necessary. Early detection through genetic counseling can empower people to take preventive measures.”

Lifestyle and environmental factors:

Modern lifestyles have significantly contributed to the rise in cancer cases among younger populations. Some of the most common risk factors include:

Poor diet and obesity: A diet high in processed foods, sugar, and unhealthy fats can lead to obesity, which is a well-known risk factor for cancers such as breast, colon, and endometrial cancers.

Sedentary lifestyle: Long hours of sitting and a lack of physical activity increase inflammation and weaken the body’s ability to fight disease.

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Smoking and alcohol use: Both habits remain major contributors to lung, liver, and digestive cancers. The earlier these habits are adopted, the higher the lifetime risk.

Exposure to pollutants: Air pollution, pesticides, and industrial chemicals are increasingly being linked to cancer development.

Dr Jha says, “Unhealthy diets, lack of exercise, and exposure to toxins create the perfect storm for chronic diseases, including cancer. Making small but consistent lifestyle changes can significantly lower the risk.”

Early detection:

The key to improving cancer outcomes is early diagnosis. Younger adults often dismiss symptoms, leading to delayed diagnoses when the disease is harder to treat. Warning signs to watch for include unexplained weight loss, persistent pain or fatigue, changes in bowel habits, and lumps or abnormal growths. “Awareness is key. Regular screenings, especially for those with a family history of cancer, can make a life-saving difference,” suggests Dr Jha.

Prevention:

Many lifestyle choices can help reduce the risk of cancer. “Maintaining a nutrient-rich diet, staying physically active, and avoiding harmful habits like smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can significantly lower the likelihood of developing cancer. Additionally, minimising exposure to environmental toxins and undergoing regular screenings, especially for those at high risk, can aid in early detection and prevention,” says Dr Jha.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.