Alcohol Dependence Syndrome: Causes, symptoms, risks, and effective treatment strategies

Alcohol addiction: Excessive use of alcoholic beverages not only causes significant mortality and morbidity, but also leads to much socioeconomic consequences (Image: Pexels)

Millions of people silently struggle with alcohol dependence, a serious disorder that can upend your health, relationships, and future—often hiding in plain sight until its impact demands urgent attention.

The habit usually develops during adolescence or when a person is a young adult. Genetic predisposition and early exposure to alcoholic beverages can increase the risk of alcohol dependence syndrome. The social environment of the affected individual may, and co-existing psychiatric issues may also influence the development of this condition. Excessive use of alcoholic beverages not only causes significant mortality and morbidity, but also leads to much socioeconomic consequences.

Impact on Neurotransmitter Systems

Long-term consumption of alcoholic beverages causes changes in the neurotransmitter systems, and affects GABA, glutamate and endorphins. Due to this, when the person tries to quit alcohol, they begin experiencing withdrawal, symptoms that seem to be relieve post consumption. Structural changes in the brain parenchyma can be seen in people who have been heavy drinkers for a long time.

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One of the key features of dependence is craving, which is often triggered by psychological stressors. Environmental issues and changing emotional states can increase the risk. The chances of relapse occur because craving persists even after attempts to abstain from alcohol intake. Persons with alcohol dependence syndrome continues to consume such beverages even though they’re aware of the deleterious effects that it has on their body. They continue to drink even if it worsens their current state.

Withdrawal Symptoms

Abrupt cessation and reduction in the quantity of spirits after prolonged use can result in tremors and excessive sweating, along with anxiety. Other withdrawal symptoms include features of insomnia, nausea and raised heart rate.

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Depression and anxiety disorders commonly accompany alcohol dependence syndrome. Psychosocial help and interventions are necessary for long-term management. Support from peers and counsellors, in combination with therapy and coping strategies can be helpful in dealing with this syndrome.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.