Indian space startup gears up for ambitious rocket launch: Key things to know

Agnikul Cosmos is attempting a feat unprecedented among Indian private firms by incorporating a semi-cryogenic engine into its rocket. (Representational image)

Agnikul Cosmos, an Indian private space startup, is poised to conduct a test launch of its rocket named Agnibaan SOrTeD (Suborbital Tech Demonstrator) on March 22. This rocket showcases a distinctive engine that is 3D printed, a technology that the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is still refining. Established in 2017 by two young aerospace engineers, the startup aspires to establish "a place where people learn to use fire" in the realm of space exploration and technology.

Agnikul, co-founded by entrepreneurs Srinath Ravichandran and SPM Moin and mentored by Satya Chakravarthy, has garnered $40 million in funding from various private equity investors to date.

What sets the Agnibaan SOrTeD apart is its engine, which uses commercially available aviation turbine fuel (kerosene) and medical-grade liquid oxygen. This innovative propulsion system represents a significant step forward in space propulsion technology.

Also Read | Skyroot Aerospace, Agnikul Cosmos to launch 7 times in 2024-25: IN-SPACe manifesto

Following are 7 Things to Know about the Agnibaan Rocket

(1) The 580-kilogram rocket will lift off from Sriharikota and in its first flight, it could reach only as high as 20 kilometers above the earth before plunging down into the Bay of Bengal. It may carry payloads weighing up to 7 kilograms.

(2) Agnikul Cosmos is attempting a feat unprecedented among Indian private firms by incorporating a semi-cryogenic engine into its rocket. Notably, the ISRO has not yet flown a semi-cryogenic engine, with the first hot test of such an engine on a stationary test bed conducted on July 3 last year. This endeavour highlights Agnikul Cosmos's innovative approach and its commitment to pushing the boundaries of space technology in India.

(3) Satya Chakravarthy, Co-founder and Advisor of Agnikul Cosmos, underscored the significance of the upcoming launch from various angles. As reported by the BusinessLine, in addition to featuring a groundbreaking 3D printed semi-cryogenic engine, the rocket is scheduled to take off from India's first privately-owned launchpad, located within the premises of the ISRO's Sriharikota spaceport. Established by Agnikul in November 2022, this launchpad marks a notable milestone in India's space exploration endeavors, signaling the increasing participation of private entities in the nation's space industry.

Also Read | Agnikul Cosmos secures $26.7 million for increased capacity and bi-monthly commercial launches

(4) Unlike traditional sounding rockets that typically launch from guide rails, Agnibaan SOrTeD will lift off vertically and follow a predetermined trajectory while executing a precisely coordinated series of maneuvers during flight. This innovative approach sets Agnibaan apart and highlights the advanced technology and capabilities employed by Agnikul Cosmos for its maiden sub-orbital flight.

(5) In a significant development, Agnikul has received authorization to establish a unique launch pad near the sea on Sriharikota island, complete with its dedicated control room. This milestone marks ISRO's initiative to facilitate ease of doing business for Indian space companies by opening up its facilities. This move underscores a collaborative approach between ISRO and private entities like Agnikul to foster innovation and progress in the Indian space sector.

(6) Agnikul Cosmos stands as one of the two prominent Indian space startups engaged in the launch vehicle sector, with the other being Skyroot, headquartered in Hyderabad. While two additional startups have submitted applications to the space regulatory authority, IN-SPACe, their identities have not been disclosed to the public. These private rocket companies are aiming to offer launch services to satellite companies, expecting significant opportunities due to the planned deployment of tens of thousands of satellites in the years ahead.

(7) In a nutshell, the inaugural SOrTeD mission is geared towards achieving three pivotal objectives. First, it aims to demonstrate India's premier launch from a private launchpad, marking a significant milestone in the country's space exploration endeavors. Secondly, it seeks to showcase India's maiden semi-cryogenic engine-powered rocket launch, highlighting advancements in propulsion technology. Lastly, the mission aims to utilise the first single-piece 3D-printed engine, engineered and constructed domestically, to propel a launch vehicle, underscoring India's capability in cutting-edge manufacturing techniques for space applications.