Migraine: What causes these throbbing headaches, and common foods that can trigger migraine attack

Alcohol, particularly red wine, beer, and certain spirits, is a well-known migraine trigger. Alcohol can lead to dehydration and dilated blood vessels, which may contribute to headaches (Image: Canva)

Migraines can be a debilitating and painful experience. These intense, throbbing headaches often come with a range of symptoms, such as sensitivity to light, sound, and nausea. While the exact cause of migraines isn't fully understood, they are believed to be influenced by a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and natural factors. Among these factors, certain foods have been identified as potential migraine triggers. Here’s a list of most common foods that may trigger your migraines:

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1. Tyramine-rich foods: Tyramine is a naturally occurring compound found in various foods, particularly aged and fermented products. These include aged cheeses, red wine, soy products, and certain processed meats. Tyramine can cause blood vessel constriction and dilation, potentially triggering a migraine in susceptible individuals. If you're prone to migraines, consider limiting your intake of these foods.

2. Caffeine: While caffeine can offer relief for some migraine sufferers, it can also be a trigger for others. The key is moderation. Excessive caffeine intake or abrupt withdrawal from it can lead to migraines. If you enjoy caffeinated beverages, try to maintain a consistent daily intake rather than consuming them irregularly.

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3. Artificial sweeteners: Some artificial sweeteners, like aspartame, are believed to be migraine triggers. Studies have suggested that individuals who consume products containing aspartame may be more prone to experiencing migraines. Be vigilant when reading labels, and consider opting for natural sweeteners, like honey or stevia, as alternatives.

4. MSG (Monosodium Glutamate): MSG is a common food additive used to enhance flavour in processed and restaurant foods. It's often linked to what's commonly known as "Chinese restaurant syndrome," characterised by headaches, among other symptoms. If you suspect MSG is a trigger for your migraines, opt for homemade meals and read labels carefully to avoid products containing MSG.

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5. Alcohol: Alcohol, particularly red wine, beer, and certain spirits, is a well-known migraine trigger. Alcohol can lead to dehydration and dilated blood vessels, which may contribute to headaches. If you enjoy the occasional drink, moderation is key. Be sure to stay hydrated and consider choosing beverages that are less likely to trigger your migraines.

6. Processed meats: Certain meats, such as bacon, salami, and sausages, contain preservatives and high levels of sodium, which can contribute to migraine attacks. Opt for fresh, unprocessed meats, and be mindful of the ingredients in processed meat products.

7. Dairy Products: While dairy is a staple in many diets, some individuals with migraines may find that certain dairy products trigger their headaches. Aged cheeses, such as cheddar, gouda, and parmesan, tend to be more problematic due to their higher tyramine content. If dairy is a potential trigger for you, consider alternative sources of calcium and protein, like fortified plant-based milks or dairy-free cheeses.

Understanding that food can play a role in migraine triggers is essential, but it's important to note that triggers can vary from person to person. Keeping a food diary to track your diet and migraine episodes can help you identify specific triggers. Additionally, lifestyle factors such as stress, sleep, and hormonal changes can also contribute to migraine onset. To manage your migraines, consult a healthcare professional for a personalised approach.

They can help you identify your specific triggers and develop strategies to minimise migraine occurrences. While adjusting your diet is one aspect of migraine management, it's just one piece of the puzzle in achieving relief and better overall well-being.