Types of headaches: Causes, symptoms, and proven relief strategies for both adults and children

Causes of headaches: You can have headaches because of uncorrected vision and refractive errors, and it can be worsened by prolonged screen time or reading (Image: Pexels)

One of the most common neurological problems faced is headache, and can occur in children as well as adults. Headaches may either be isolated, or point towards some underlying pathology. The type of pain and the area where it pains can aid in diagnosis.

Tension-type headache is fairly common, and presents as a bilateral, dull-aching pain, and has associations with stress and fatigue. It may also be precipitated by poor sleeping patterns. It can be managed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and lifestyle modifications.

On the other hand, migraine is a pulsation type of recurrent headache that is often seen only on one side, and is accompanied by photophobia (abnormal irritation by visual stimulus) and phonophobia (abnormal irritation by auditory stimulus). The affected individual may also experience nausea and vomiting. It is preceded by ‘aura’ and can be triggered by stress and hormonal disturbances. Even certain types of food items and a disturbed sleep schedule can precipitate a migraine. To deal with these symptoms, the healthcare provider may advise NSAIDs and anti-emetics.

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Even though migraine occurs unilaterally, it must not be confused with cluster headaches. These type of headaches are experienced on one side, but they typically affect the areas near the eyes and the temple. Pain in such cases is associated with other features like watering of eyes and nasal congestion. At times, there may also be redness in the conjunctiva. A prominent feeling of restlessness pervades, and the affected person needs treatment to relieve these symptoms.

Other conditions like sinusitis (inflammation of paranasal sinuses) can result in facial pain and tenderness. This can also lead to a headache, and is increased by the presence of allergic rhinitis or viral infections. Saline irrigation and decongestants are often recommended.

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Headache may also be seen because of uncorrected vision and refractive errors, and it can be worsened by prolonged screen time or reading. The affected individual may also have blurring of vision. Using lenses with appropriate power is usually advised by the ophthalmologist.

It is important to keep oneself hydrated, as electrolyte disturbances and dehydration can often lead to headaches. Using hats or caps to avoid excessive sunlight exposure, and steering clear of caffeine may also help.

FAQs on Causes of Headaches

1. What are the common causes of tension-type headaches?

Tension-type headaches are often caused by stress, fatigue, and poor sleeping patterns. They present as bilateral, dull-aching pain and can be managed with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and lifestyle changes.

2. What triggers migraines, and how are they managed?

Migraines are triggered by stress, hormonal disturbances, certain foods, and disrupted sleep. They present as unilateral pulsating pain, often with photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and vomiting. Treatment includes NSAIDs and anti-emetics.

3. How do cluster headaches differ from migraines?

Cluster headaches occur unilaterally near the eyes and temple, causing intense pain, eye watering, nasal congestion, and redness in the conjunctiva. Unlike migraines, they are not preceded by an aura and require specific symptomatic treatment.

4. Can sinusitis cause headaches, and what are the symptoms?

Yes, sinusitis can cause headaches along with facial pain and tenderness. Allergic rhinitis and viral infections can exacerbate it. Treatment usually involves saline irrigation and decongestants.

5. How can uncorrected vision lead to headaches?

Uncorrected vision and refractive errors can cause headaches, especially with prolonged screen time or reading. Symptoms include blurred vision. Using corrective lenses as prescribed by an ophthalmologist can help alleviate these headaches.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.