Kolkata woman diagnosed with HCoV-HKU1: Causes, symptoms, treatment of human coronavirus

Symptoms of human coronavirus: Its symptoms are similar to those of other respiratory viruses, and include a runny nose, headache, sore throat, fever, cough, and a general feeling of being unwell

A woman (45) in Kolkata has been diagnosed with human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1), a virus that cause mild to moderate respiratory illnesses. The woman, who had been suffering from a persistent fever, cough, and cold for the past 15 days, is currently under medical supervision at a private hospital in South Kolkata. The case has reignited discussions about common human coronaviruses (HCoVs), a group of viruses distinct from COVID-19 that have been circulating in human populations for decades.

Common human coronaviruses:

Common human coronaviruses, including 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1, typically cause respiratory infections similar to the common cold. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most infections are mild. But in certain cases, especially among infants, elderly, and people with weakened immune systems, these viruses can lead to severe complications, including pneumonia or bronchitis.

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Unlike COVID-19, which was a highly transmissible virus in 2019, common human coronaviruses have been known to scientists for many years and are not considered as dangerous. However, they still contribute to seasonal respiratory infections and require attention, particularly during fall and winter, when such illnesses tend to spike.

Symptoms of HCoVs:

The symptoms are similar to those of other respiratory viruses, as per CDC. These include a runny nose, headache, sore throat, fever, cough, and a general feeling of being unwell. Most people recover without medical intervention, but complications can arise in high-risk groups. The Kolkata case is a reminder that while these viruses are not new, they should not be ignored, especially when persistent symptoms are observed.

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Spread of common coronaviruses:

Research suggests that human coronaviruses are primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets, which spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Additionally, close contact like handshakes or touching contaminated surfaces, also contributes to the spread. If a person touches their eyes, nose, or mouth after coming into contact with the virus, they may become infected.

While seasonal patterns suggest these viruses are more prevalent in colder months, they can circulate year-round. Public health experts stress that good hygiene practices remain the best defense against such infections.

Prevention, diagnosis and treatment: 

The CDC suggests that there  is no specific vaccine or antiviral treatment for common human coronaviruses. However, managing symptoms can help people  recover comfortably. Doctors recommend rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to reduce fever and sore throat. Using a room humidifier or taking a hot shower can also relieve congestion. In cases where symptoms persist or worsen, consulting the doctor is advised.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.