HMPV infection: Causes, symptoms, treatment options for Human metapneumovirus

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that affects people of all ages, often causing symptoms similar to those of other respiratory illnesses (Image: Canva)

After reports about the Norovirus outbreak in the United States, the internet is now buzzing with news of another viral outbreak, this time in China, raising concerns in a post-COVID-19 world. Multiple reports suggest that the virus, identified as human metapneumovirus (HMPV), is spreading rapidly. Claims have surfaced that China has declared a state of emergency, although no official confirmation has been provided.

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that affects people of all ages, often causing symptoms similar to those of other respiratory illnesses. Several news reports and social media posts continue to suggest the growing unease surrounding the outbreak.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), HMPV can cause respiratory diseases and spreads easily from person to person or from contaminated surfaces to people. Though it was only discovered in 2001 ( as per CDC) it is now recognised as a significant contributor to upper and lower respiratory tract infections. The symptoms include cough, fever, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath.

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The virus spreads through respiratory secretions, close contact, and contaminated surfaces. In some cases, the illness can progress to bronchitis or pneumonia. The incubation period is typically 3 to 6 days. The duration of illness varies depending on severity but is comparable to other respiratory viruses.

How to prevent HMPV:

Good hygiene is essential to prevent the spread of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and other respiratory infections. The CDC recommends several key practices:

Handwashing: Regularly wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after coughing, sneezing, or touching potentially contaminated surfaces. This helps remove viruses and bacteria that can cause illness.

Sanitising: If soap and water are not available, use a hand sanitiser with at least 60% alcohol to kill germs on your hands. This is particularly important when you're in public spaces or have touched surfaces others may have contaminated.

Cleaning: Frequently disinfect surfaces such as doorknobs, light switches, countertops, remote controls, and mobile phones. These areas are common places for germs to spread, especially in high-traffic areas.

Also read | Spike in Norovirus cases: What you need to know about the causes, symptoms, how to stay safe

Isolation: Stay home if you're feeling sick to prevent infecting others. This is especially important for those who are vulnerable, like the elderly, young children, and those with weakened immune systems, who are more susceptible to severe illness.

Cough etiquette: Always cover your mouth and nose with a tissue, or use your elbow to prevent respiratory droplets from spreading when you cough or sneeze. Dispose of tissues properly and wash your hands immediately.

Avoid close contact: Avoid close contact with anyone showing symptoms of illness. This includes not shaking hands and maintaining distance in social or crowded settings.

Ventilation: Make sure there is proper ventilation in indoor spaces by opening windows or using air filtration systems to reduce airborne particles that may contain the virus.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.