Spike in Norovirus cases: What you need to know about the causes, symptoms, how to stay safe

What is Norovirus?: Norovirus is a group of viruses that infect the stomach and intestines, leading to gastroenteritis

Norovirus is also known as the winter vomiting bug. It has been making headlines for its rapid spread and severe symptoms. Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate a significant increase in norovirus outbreaks in the United States compared to the previous year. This highly contagious virus causes acute gastroenteritis, leading to sudden-onset nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

While it can strike at any time, cases tend to surge during colder months, making vigilance and hygiene essential, warns Dr Anukalp Prakash, Lead Consultant in Gastroenterology at CK Birla Hospital, Gurgaon. “Norovirus spreads rapidly through contaminated food, water, or surfaces, as well as person-to-person contact. Its resilience makes it a major public health concern, especially in community settings like schools, offices, and hospitals,” he explains.

Norovirus is a group of viruses that infect the stomach and intestines, leading to gastroenteritis. Dr Prakash adds, “Even a small number of viral particles can cause infection. This makes norovirus outbreaks particularly challenging to contain.”

Contaminated food and water: Consuming food or beverages prepared by an infected person or exposed to contaminated water sources.

Person-person contact: Close contact with an infected individual, such as shaking hands.

Contaminated surfaces: Touching objects or surfaces harboring the virus and then touching the face.

Aerosolised particles: Inhaling virus particles in the air after someone vomits.

The virus is notorious for its quick onset — symptoms typically appear within 12 to 48 hours after exposure, says Dr Geeta Shroff, Director of NuBella Centre for Women’s Health, New Delhi. It’s also incredibly resilient, surviving on surfaces for days and resisting common disinfectants. Dr. Shroff suggests one should watch out for the following symptoms, “ The most common symptoms of norovirus include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and sometimes mild fever or body aches. Symptoms are intense but usually subside within one to three days.”

Frequent handwashing: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after using the restroom or before eating.

Disinfect surfaces: Use bleach-based cleaners to sanitize high-touch areas like doorknobs, countertops, and bathroom fixtures.

Handle food safely: Cook shellfish thoroughly and wash fruits and vegetables before consumption.

Stay isolated if sick: Avoid preparing food or interacting closely with others if you are symptomatic.

Proper laundry care: Wash soiled clothing and linens immediately, using hot water and detergent.

Dr Shroff adds, “Women, especially those managing households, should be extra cautious about hygiene practices, as they are often caregivers and more likely to handle food. Simple steps like frequent handwashing and surface cleaning can go a long way in preventing infections.”

Norovirus may be aggressive, but it’s preventable. Recognising symptoms, and practicing good hygiene can help you reduce your risk, says Dr Prakash, adding, “The key to controlling norovirus lies in awareness and proactive prevention.”