7 myths vs facts: Senior doctor explains what every man should know about fertility and sperm health

Infertility isn’t just a women’s issue. Learn the truth about male fertility, sperm health, and common myths that prevent early diagnosis and treatment. (Image: Pexels)

When fertility enters the conversation, it is women we are talking about. There is medical evidence that male factor contributes to about one half of the infertility cases around the world. Notwithstanding, male sexual health is still veiled in myths, lack and taboos of information that inhibit an early attention from men.

A man’s fertility depends on several factors, including sperm count, motility and structure; hormone balance and overall lifestyle. Sperm health and quality can be influenced by poor diet, stress, alcohol, smoking, environmental toxins and age. But misinformation — such as the belief that fertility declines only in women or that supplements can alone increase sperm count — can create confusion and delay an accurate diagnosis.

Dr Kajal Singh, Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology -NIIMS Medical College And Hospital, tells Moneycontrol it is important to know the science behind male fertility if you are planning on starting a family as a couple. Understanding that infertility is a “couples’ issue” will also make it possible for both spouses to work towards optimal reproductive health.

Also Read: Causes of male infertility, and how exercise and healthy diet can improve fertility naturally

Myth 1: Infertility is a "female" problem

Fact: Infertility is affecting both males and females. In males, infertility can be due to low sperm counts, problems with how sperm moves, abnormal sperm shape, hormone factors, infections, or inherited disorders. When a male-female couple is unable to achieve pregnancy, both partners should be investigated for treatable causes.

Myth 2: Male fertility is not affected by age

Fact: Even though sperm can be produced at any time, sperm quality diminishes with age. Studies have shown that males over the age of 40 have poorer sperm motility and increased DNA fragmentation compared to younger males.

Myth 3: Wearing tight underwear or taking a hot bath will not affect a male's fertility

Fact: Sperm production may be negatively affected by exposure to extended heat. The optimal temperature for sperm production is slightly below body temperature. So, exposing the body to temperature extremes while sauna bathing or hot tubbing affects sperm quantity and quality. Frequent use of tight underwear, where the testicles cannot cool, is also harmful.

Myth 4: You can have great fertility just due to a healthy lifestyle

Fact: It is ideal for the body to be as fit as possible, but living a healthy lifestyle still does not eliminate risk. Different kinds of risk factors can be environmental, one-time exposure to drugs and chemicals, tobacco and alcohol use, lifestyle factors, which sometimes include caffeine and diet, or, in some cases, natural, male factors that can confound a healthy lifestyle.

Myth 5: Supplements alone will increase sperm count

Fact: There are many over-the-counter type supplements and food supplements marketed to promote fertility. Unfortunately, no research data support that any supplement works or that a supplement will increase fertility. Several antioxidants, such as zinc, selenium, and vitamin E, will help sperm function, but no antioxidant can increase infertility that is due to a structural medical issue. It is always encouraged that a qualified fertility specialist do the initial assessment before any treatment strategies and supplements, and obtain a robust and age-appropriate, and effective treatment plan.

Myth 6: Stress does not impact sperm quality

Fact: Chronic stress can disrupt hormonal balance and production patterns, lower libido or sexual desire, and decrease sperm count. Therefore, incorporating some stress management tools on the road to reproduction can be helpful.

Also Read: Boost fertility naturally: 9 things nobody told you about sperm and egg health before your 30s

Male fertility is a complex interplay of behavioural, physiological, and hormonal factors. Knowing the facts of male reproductive health will help you be an informed advocate, and you will find it easier to influence and manage male reproductive health issues.

FAQs on Fertility and Sperm Health:

1. What factors affect male fertility?

Male fertility can be affected by various factors including sperm count, motility, structure, hormone balance, diet, stress, alcohol, smoking, environmental toxins, and age.

2. Can lifestyle changes improve sperm health?

Yes, a healthy diet, regular exercise, reducing stress, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can improve sperm health.

3. Is male infertility common?

Yes, male factors contribute to about half of infertility cases worldwide.

4. How does age affect male fertility?

Sperm quality diminishes with age, with males over 40 experiencing poorer sperm motility and increased DNA fragmentation.

5. Do supplements increase sperm count?

No, there is no research data supporting that supplements alone increase sperm count. It is important to consult a fertility specialist for an accurate assessment and treatment plan.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.