Asteroid approaching Earth (Representative image - Canva)

A recent study suggests nuclear bombs could shield Earth from asteroids. This innovative research involved the world’s strongest lab radiation source. It showed that a nuclear strike near an asteroid could deflect it away from Earth. This deflection would prevent a catastrophic collision.

The explosion would create a powerful burst of X-rays. These X-rays, not the explosion itself, would perform the crucial task. Nathan Moore, a physicist at Sandia National Laboratories, emphasised the importance of preparation. “Asteroids hit Earth every day,” he explained. “We need to act before a large asteroid threatens us.”

The Science Behind Asteroid Deflection

In 2023, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences identified planetary defense as a key priority. Previous studies indicated that shockwaves from nuclear blasts might successfully deflect asteroids. However, these simulations relied on early detection, often decades in advance. The concern is with asteroids that appear unexpectedly close to Earth.

Currently, NASA estimates 25,000 potentially hazardous asteroids orbit near Earth. Many of these remain undetected, hidden by sunlight. To explore how nuclear energy might prevent disasters, researchers used a tiny sample of asteroid-like material.

In the experiment, researchers placed a small amount of silica on ultra-thin foil. The Z machine created magnetic fields that compressed argon gas into superheated plasma. This extreme heat caused the foil to disintegrate, producing X-rays that temporarily suspended the silica nugget. Moore described this setup as novel. The simulated asteroid floated freely for 20 millionths of a second, allowing for precise deflection calculations.

With successful results, researchers plan to compile a database of potential asteroid scenarios. This database would provide guidance in case of a real asteroid threat. Meanwhile, space agencies globally are investigating ways to redirect asteroids.

Global Efforts in Planetary Protection

NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission successfully altered the path of the asteroid Dimorphos in late 2022. Additionally, China is developing its asteroid deflection plan, aiming to prevent potential impacts with Earth.