Frozen surface burning core: Scientists discover 207 hidden volcanoes beneath Antarctica

Scientists Reveal 207 Volcanoes Buried Under Antarctic Ice (Image: Canva)

An international team led by China has created the first comprehensive digital catalogue of 207 volcanoes buried beneath Antarctica’s ice. Published in Earth-Science Reviews, the ANT-SGV-25 archive combines scattered data into a single reference, helping scientists understand geothermal heat, glacier movement, and potential sea level risks. The study highlights Antarctica as a major volcanic region and provides crucial tools for future climate and ice sheet research.

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Scientists studying Antarctica have revealed an unseen volcanic landscape beneath kilometres of ice, after an international team led by China released the most detailed catalogue yet of hidden subglacial volcanoes shaping the frozen continent.

The study, published on 03 February in the journal Earth-Science Reviews, introduces ANT-SGV-25, a digital archive documenting 207 volcanoes buried beneath Antarctica’s vast ice sheets. Compiled by the Polar Research Institute of China with partners including the University of Exeter, the catalogue brings together decades of scattered observations into one unified scientific reference.

Hidden subglacial volcanoes beneath Antarctica’s ice

Antarctica is often viewed as geologically silent and motionless. Scientists say the new catalogue challenges that long-held assumption. The data confirm Antarctica hosts one of Earth’s largest volcanic provinces. These volcanoes lie concealed beneath thick ice, invisible to satellites and surface explorers. Researchers mapped their shapes, heights, and spatial distribution using existing geophysical surveys and modelling techniques. This detailed record helps scientists understand how volcanic heat influences the ice sheet above. The presence of magma below ice can weaken ice stability over time. Knowing precise locations allows closer monitoring of high-risk regions.

Why the ANT-SGV-25 catalogue matters

Before this work, information about Antarctic subglacial volcanoes remained fragmented. Separate studies focused on limited regions or individual features. ANT-SGV-25 combines those records into a single public database. Scientists can now study Antarctica’s crust with improved accuracy. The catalogue also improves estimates of geothermal heat flow beneath ice. Heat from below plays a critical role in ice movement. Faster ice flow increases the risk of sea level rise. Researchers say the archive supports better climate and ice sheet models.

Potential risks from eruptions beneath ice sheets

Subglacial eruptions behave differently from surface volcanoes. Lava does not explode into open air beneath ice. Instead, it melts large volumes of ice rapidly. Meltwater collects beneath glaciers, reducing friction against bedrock. This lubrication allows glaciers to slide faster toward the ocean. Faster glacier movement contributes directly to rising sea levels. By identifying volcanic hotspots, scientists can better anticipate vulnerable ice zones. Researchers stress the catalogue does not predict eruptions. It provides essential groundwork for future monitoring and research.

The team says ANT-SGV-25 marks a major step for polar science. By revealing Antarctica’s hidden volcanic network, researchers have reduced uncertainty surrounding processes shaping the ice sheet. Scientists believe continued study will clarify how these buried volcanoes interact with a warming climate and global oceans.