World Kidney Day 2025: Stay hydrated, eat right, cut down on salt to prevent chronic kidney disease

Causes of chronic kidney disease: One of the leading causes of CKD in young people is pre-existing conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes, often linked to unhealthy lifestyle choices (Image: Canva)

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progresses without noticeable symptoms in its early stages, making detection difficult until irreversible damage has already occurred. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), CKD occurs when the kidneys are damaged and can no longer filter blood properly. This leads to a buildup of waste and excess fluids in the body, which can cause serious health problems over time.

Studies suggest that CKD, otherwise considered a condition that affects older adults, has also become a health threat among young adults. Dr Hemal Shah, Consultant Nephrologist, Breach Candy, Saifee Hospital, and Sir HN Reliance Hospital, Mumbai, says, "Young adults often overlook the risk of CKD. A sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits, high stress levels, and a chair-to-couch routine have increased their risk of CKD. These poor choices contribute to conditions like obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure, which are major risk factors for CKD.”

He adds, “Since CKD develops gradually and often goes unnoticed in its early stages, adopting an active lifestyle, managing stress, and maintaining a balanced diet is essential for kidney health and well-being. Regular health checkups can also help in early detection and prevention.

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Causes and risk factors of CKD in young  adults:

One of the leading causes of CKD in young people is pre-existing conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes, often linked to unhealthy lifestyle choices. “Processed foods rich in unhealthy fats, sugar, and sodium contribute to these conditions and increase the risk of kidney disease. Childhood obesity, driven by poor dietary habits and lack of physical activity, is also a major factor. In addition, young adults often neglect regular health check-ups due to busy schedules and work-related stress, leading to delayed diagnosis,” Dr Shah adds.

Beyond lifestyle-related causes, genetic conditions such as Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) can lead to CKD in young adults. Autoimmune diseases like Lupus Nephritis, which disproportionately affects young females, can also harm kidney function. "Family history plays a crucial role in CKD risk assessment. Young adults with a family history of kidney disease must undergo regular screening to detect any early signs," Dr Shah advises.

Also read | Causes, risks and tips to keep kidneys healthy

CKD and mental health:

Addressing the mental and emotional challenges of CKD is just as crucial as managing its physical symptoms. CKD does not just affect physical health, it disrupts a young adult’s entire life, including their education, career, and social well-being. “Frequent medical visits, strict dietary restrictions, and the possibility of long-term dialysis treatments place an immense emotional and financial burden on patients and their families. The psychological impact of CKD is also significant, with many young patients experiencing anxiety, depression, and social isolation. Living with CKD at a young age affects mental health just as much as physical health. It is important for patients to seek emotional support through counseling or peer support groups to maintain a good quality of life,” ” explains Dr Shah

Prevention strategies:

Preventing CKD or slowing its progression requires both early detection and proactive lifestyle changes. Regular blood tests, urine tests for protein markers, and blood pressure monitoring are essential for identifying those at risk. “Young adults with diabetes, hypertension, or autoimmune diseases should undergo routine screenings to detect kidney dysfunction at an early stage,” says the expert.

Moreover, maintaining a healthy weight, consuming a balanced diet low in sodium and sugar, and engaging in regular physical activity are also some of the important preventive measures, according to Dr. Shah. “Quitting smoking, reducing alcohol-intake, and staying hydrated may further contribute to better kidney health” he stresses.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.