IVF specialist's warning to expecting mothers: Exposure to high AQI increases chances of premature birth

Did you know poor air quality doesn’t just impact timing of birth, it can also affect baby’s weight? (Picture Credit: Unsplash)

It’s uncommon to consider the invisible threats around us while celebrating pregnancy. From the first kick inside to the final weeks of anticipation, a mother’s body works non-stop. Yet, external factors like air quality can influence this journey.

Air pollution is not just an environmental concern, says Dr Vaishali Sharma, National Award-winning Laparoscopic Surgeon and IVF Specialist warns. “It’s a pregnancy concern. Protecting mothers from harmful air is as vital as prenatal vitamins.”

Pregnancy transforms a woman’s body in many ways, but it also increases vulnerability to environmental hazards. The Air Quality Index (AQI) has emerged as a critical measure for expecting mothers, signalling when outdoor air may pose risks. “Exposure to high AQI can increase the likelihood of premature birth,” explains Dr Sharma. Tiny airborne particles can disrupt fetal development, sometimes triggering preterm delivery. For mothers and their babies, staying informed about air quality isn’t optional—it’s essential. Even minor improvements in the air you breathe can have significant, positive effects.

Poor air quality doesn’t just impact timing of birth, it can also affect baby’s weight. Studies link polluted air to low birth weight, which in turn can trigger health complications in infancy and later life.Dr Sharma notes, “Even small reductions in exposure to pollutants during pregnancy can lower the risk of low birth weight. Awareness and proactive measures matter more than people realise.” Maintaining clean indoor air, limiting outdoor exposure during peak pollution, and investing in air purifiers are simple yet effective strategies.

Also read: Going for your morning walk in the park? Wait! Delhi-based pulmonologist says it's a terrible idea

5 ways to protect pregnancy from poor air quality

Monitoring air quality: Check AQI apps or websites daily and stay indoors during high pollution.

Staying indoors with ventilation: Keep living spaces ventilated, use HEPA-filter air purifiers, and maintain proper humidity to reduce indoor pollutants.

Cautious outdoor activity: Avoid busy roads and industrial areas; schedule walks during lower AQI hours; wear a protective mask.

Investing in air purifiers: Choose purifiers with HEPA filters that cover your room adequately to remove harmful particles from indoor air.

Lifestyle adjustments: Limit exposure to second-hand smoke, avoid dusty areas, and maintain clean floors to reduce pollutants at home.

Protecting a mother’s health is inseparable from protecting her baby’s future. Dr Sharma stresses, “Simple actions like monitoring air quality and using air purifiers can safeguard both mother and child. It’s about giving your baby the healthiest start in life.”

Also read: Asthma and COPD: Daily air pollution hurts women more, pulmonologist warns

FAQs on how mothers-to-be can protect their baby from polluted air:

1. Why is air pollution dangerous during pregnancy?

Air pollution — especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide — can affect both the mother and the developing baby. Studies link long-term exposure to risks like low birth weight, premature birth, and developmental issues. Polluted air can also worsen maternal conditions such as asthma or hypertension, which indirectly affect the baby’s health.

2. How can I reduce my exposure to polluted air while pregnant?

- Stay indoors during high-pollution hours, usually early morning and late evening.

- Use an air purifier with a HEPA filter at home, especially in the bedroom.

- Keep windows closed when pollution levels spike.

- Avoid outdoor exercise on poor air-quality days — check the Air Quality Index (AQI) regularl through reliable apps or local updates.

- Use masks (N95/KN95) when going outdoors for essential errands.

3. Are air purifiers and masks safe to use during pregnancy?

Yes. Air purifiers are safe and effective — choose one with HEPA and activated carbon filters to capture both particles and gases.

Masks (N95/KN95) can safely reduce inhalation of fine particles. Make sure they fit snugly but don’t restrict breathing. If you feel light-headed or breathless, take short breaks and consult your healthcare provider.

4. Can my diet help protect the baby from air pollution?

A nutrient-rich diet can support the body’s defense against oxidative stress caused by pollutants.

Include:

Antioxidants: Fruits like berries, oranges, and vegetables like spinach and broccoli.

Omega-3 fatty acids: Flaxseeds, walnuts, and safe fish sources.

Iron and folate: These are needed to support blood and oxygen transport.

Hydration: Water helps flush toxins and keeps you energized.

While diet can’t block pollution entirely, it strengthens your natural resilience.

5. When should I seek medical advice about pollution-related symptoms?

If you experience persistent coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, dizziness, or unusual fatigue, consult your obstetrician right away. Pregnant women with asthma, anemia, or heart conditions should take extra care and discuss personalized protection plans with their doctor.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.