From lipoma to abscess, know all about different types of swelling

Body swellings can arise due to fluid collection, tissue overgrowth, among many other reasons (Picture Credit: Canva)

An abnormal enlargement or raised area in any part of the body is a swelling, which may be caused due to a number of reasons, like accumulation of fluid, overgrowth of tissues, inflammation, or a tumour. These may be painful or painless depending upon the type of swelling and can occur superficially or deep to the tissues.

Lipoma

A lipoma is a soft and rubbery swelling that is formed by the accumulation of fat. It usually grows slowly and is freely mobile under the skin. Even though lipomas are mostly harmless, they may require treatment if they become painful or a cosmetic concern.

Sebaceous cyst

This is a firm and round swelling that is not tender on palpation. It typically produces a cheesy and foul smelling discharge when compressed. When infected, it can lead to redness and pain, and a local rise of temperature may be noted.

Abscess

An abscess is generally painful and warm to touch, and is a fluctuating swelling caused by the collection of pus. The affected individual may also experience fever, and a general surgeon must be consulted in such cases. While antibiotics are advised, they may not always be sufficient. Incision and drainage is recommended to remove the pus. If left untreated, it can cause cellulitis.

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Hernia

A hernia is a soft swelling that becomes more visible on standing or coughing, and is often found in the inguinal region. However, other hernias like femoral and umbilical can also be present. The person experiences a dragging type of pain, and the swelling reduces on lying down. If the bowel loop gets strangulated in the swelling, urgent action may be advised.

Haematoma

When there is bleeding under the skin or in the deeper tissues, the accumulated blood is referred to as a haematoma. It is painful and firm, and an area of discolouration may be seen around it. While small haematomas may resolve with cold compress or rest, large ones may need surgical intervention.

Baker’s Cyst

It is a fluid-filled swelling present behind the knee that causes stiffness and tightness. The person may also experience pain on bending the knee, and it occurs because of underlying joint diseases like arthritis.

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Fibroadenoma

A firm, mobile and painless breast lump, commonly seen in women in the younger age group, is called a fibroadenoma. It has a smooth surface, and slips from under the fingers on palpation. While most only need periodic observation, symptomatic ones might require removal by surgery.

The healthcare provider must be consulted regarding any unusual swellings over the body.

FAQs on types of swelling in body:

1. What causes swelling in the body?

Swelling can occur due to injury, infection, inflammation, fluid retention, or underlying medical conditions.

2. What is the difference between localized and generalized swelling?

Localized swelling affects one area (like an ankle sprain), while generalized swelling affects the whole body (often due to heart, kidney, or liver issues).

3. What is pitting edema?

A type of swelling where pressing the skin leaves a temporary dent, usually linked to fluid retention.

4. Can allergies cause swelling?

Yes, allergic reactions can cause swelling in the face, lips, throat, or skin.

5. When is swelling a sign of something serious?

If it's sudden, painful, persistent, or accompanied by breathing difficulty, chest pain, or fever, medical attention is needed.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.