Cancers in children: Causes, symptoms and prevention strategies

A healthy diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats helps boost immunity and promote general well-being. (Image: Canva)

Thousands of families are impacted by the heartbreaking truth of childhood cancer each year. Even while the precise causes of most children malignancies are still unknown, evidence indicates that taking some preventive steps may help lower the risk.

Understanding childhood cancer

Cancers in children and adults are quite different. They can develop in various tissues like blood, brain, or bones and are often caused by genetic factors that cannot be changed. Common types include brain tumours, lymphomas, and leukemia. Unlike many adult cancers, childhood cancers are less likely to be caused by lifestyle factors such as smoking and diet. However, parents can still take steps to reduce risks and promote their child's health, according to Dr Ushma Singh, director of pediatric oncology and hematology at Andromeda Cancer hospital in Sonipat.

What can you do to prevent them?

Prenatal and early life care

Maternal health: The health of a mother is very important throughout pregnancy, says Dr Singh. Pregnancy-related risks can be decreased by receiving appropriate treatment, which includes routine checkups, a balanced diet, and abstaining from drugs, alcohol, and tobacco.

Preventing illnesses: Pregnancy-related illnesses can raise a child's risk of developing cancer. Pregnant women should practice basic cleanliness and make sure their vaccines are up to date in order to prevent infections like the cytomegalovirus and rubella.

Environmental factors

Minimise toxin exposure: It's critical to keep kids away from environmental toxins including pesticides, second-hand smoke, and pollution. Parents should use natural or non-toxic cleaning products and pesticides at home and refrain from smoking in the presence of youngsters, says Dr Singh.

2safe chemical use:  According to Dr Singh, to avoid unintentional exposure, be aware of the chemicals used in the home and make sure paints, cleaning products, and other potentially hazardous materials are stored safely.

Healthy lifestyle choices

A well-balanced diet: A healthy diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats helps boost immunity and promote general well-being. It is also advantageous to stay away from processed foods and those that are heavy in sugar and bad fats.

Frequent exercise: Promoting frequent exercise strengthens the immune system and aids in maintaining a healthy weight. Playing outside or taking part in sports or other leisure activities are examples of physical activity.

Genetic counseling

Family history: Genetic counseling can assist in determining the risk and directing preventive steps if there is a history of cancer in the family. Families with a history of cancer or other genetic problems can receive assistance and information from genetic counselors.

Awareness and screening: Early detection and treatment of cancer in children can be facilitated by being aware of early warning signs and symptoms, such as unexplained weight loss, persistent lethargy, and strange lumps. Pediatric examinations on a regular basis are essential for tracking a child's development and health. Although it is not possible to prevent every pediatric cancer, there are preventive measures that can lower risk factors and provide a healthier atmosphere for kids.