Can PCOS lead to high-risk pregnancy? Padmashree awardee doctor weighs in

Insulin resistance, a common feature of PCOS, plays a significant role in increasing pregnancy-related risks (Picture: Canva)

• PCOS can cause irregular periods and affect fertility in women.
• PCOS raises risks of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia
• Early diagnosis and care help most women with PCOS have healthy births

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders in women of reproductive age. Though many do conceive without trouble, the disorder can affect fertility and pregnancy outcomes.

For many women, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) first shows up as irregular periods or difficulty ovulating. The condition, which affects hormone balance during the reproductive years, can also influence metabolism and weight. While plenty of women with PCOS go on to have healthy pregnancies, doctors say the condition can sometimes make pregnancy more complicated if it isn’t diagnosed and managed in time.

PCOS frequently interferes with ovulation. When ovulation becomes irregular or stops altogether, conceiving can take longer for some women, says Dr Manjula Anagani, Padmashree Awardee, Clinical Director, Robotic Gynaecologist & HOD, Care Vatsalya, Women and Child Institute, CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad.

“Even after pregnancy occurs, the hormonal and metabolic changes associated with the condition can sometimes affect how the pregnancy develops,” says the doctor. According to specialists, insulin resistance — a common feature of PCOS — plays a significant role in increasing pregnancy-related risks.

Also read: 38-year-old physician reverses fatty liver, high bp, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, drops 56 kilos in 18 months

Hidden risks during pregnancy

The doctors say several complications are seen more frequently among pregnant women with PCOS.

Gestational diabetes

Women with PCOS have a higher risk of developing gestational diabetes, a condition where blood sugar levels rise during pregnancy. If poorly managed, it can result in overgrowing the baby and greater risk for complications at delivery.

High blood pressure and preeclampsia

Hormonal dysregulation and metabolic alterations due to PCOS may increase the risk of gestational hypertension. When this happens, it can sometimes progress to preeclampsia, a pregnancy-related condition characterized by elevated blood pressure that affects both the woman and her baby.

Miscarriage risk

Some studies suggest that early pregnancy loss may be slightly more common among women with untreated or poorly controlled PCOS.

Preterm birth

Some women who have PCOS end up giving birth a little earlier than expected, before 37 weeks, particularly if they face other health problems while pregnant.

Symptoms that may point to PCOS

Many women are diagnosed with PCOS when they seek medical advice for irregular periods or difficulty conceiving. However, the condition may present with several other symptoms, including:

• Irregular or missed menstrual cycles
• Excess facial or body hair
• Persistent acne
• Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
• Thinning hair on the scalp
• Dark patches of skin around the neck or underarms
• Recognising these signs early can help women seek timely medical care.

Steps to lower pregnancy risks

The doctor emphasises that PCOS does not automatically lead to high-risk pregnancy. With proper care, many women have smooth and healthy pregnancies.

Also read: Doctor says these 3 medicines can save a heart attack patient

Regular exercise, sensible eating and keeping body weight in a healthy range may help stabilise hormones and blood sugar. Doctors usually advise women who are planning to conceive to get a pre-pregnancy check-up, which may include screening blood glucose levels. “Routine prenatal visits help doctors keep a close watch on the pregnancy and spot any problems early so they can be treated in time,” says Anagani.

With timely diagnosis and careful monitoring, most women with PCOS can safely navigate pregnancy and deliver healthy babies.

FAQs on PCOS condition resulting in complications during pregnancy

1. What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

PCOS is a hormonal disorder where the ovaries produce excess androgens, leading to irregular periods, cysts, and fertility issues.

2. Can women with PCOS get pregnant?

Yes, but ovulation may be irregular, making conception more challenging without medical support.

3. Does PCOS increase the risk of miscarriage?

Yes, women with PCOS have a slightly higher risk of early pregnancy loss due to hormonal imbalances and insulin resistance.

4. What pregnancy complications are linked to PCOS?

Common risks include Gestational Diabetes, Preeclampsia, preterm birth, and higher chances of cesarean delivery.

5. Why does PCOS raise the risk of gestational diabetes?

Insulin resistance in PCOS affects blood sugar control, increasing the likelihood of developing diabetes during pregnancy.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.