France to stop using Microsoft Windows operating system and start using Linux; here's why

Windows 11

• France plans to replace Windows with Linux in government systems
• Plan seeks digital autonomy, cutting reliance on US tech
• DINUM workstations begin transition; timeline still unclear

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France has announced plans to move away from Microsoft Windows and adopt the open-source Linux across parts of its government infrastructure. The decision is part of a broader push within Europe to reduce dependence on foreign technology providers, particularly those based in the United States.

The transition will begin with workstations used by France’s digital agency, DINUM. While the government has not shared a detailed rollout timeline or confirmed specific Linux distributions, the move signals a structured effort to replace proprietary software with open-source alternatives.

Linux, unlike Windows, allows governments to access and modify source code. This flexibility is seen as a key advantage, especially for public sector systems that require transparency and customisation. By adopting Linux, France aims to gain greater control over how its digital infrastructure is managed and secured.

Focus on digital sovereignty

French officials have framed the move as part of a larger goal of achieving “digital sovereignty.” This refers to a country’s ability to control its own data, systems, and technological dependencies. Authorities have expressed concerns about relying heavily on foreign companies for critical infrastructure, particularly when it involves sensitive government data.

The push aligns with wider efforts across the European Union to identify areas where reliance on non-European technology can be reduced. Policymakers have increasingly emphasised the need for independent digital ecosystems amid geopolitical and regulatory tensions.

Geopolitical and regulatory context

The decision also comes at a time of rising friction between European regulators and US-based tech companies. Trade policies, regulatory disagreements, and concerns around data governance have contributed to a shift in strategy.

By moving to Linux, France is attempting to limit exposure to external policy changes and vendor dependencies. While challenges such as compatibility, training, and migration costs remain, the move reflects a long-term strategy to build more self-reliant digital systems.

France’s plan could influence similar decisions across Europe, especially as governments reassess their technology stacks. The transition highlights a growing preference for open standards and locally controlled infrastructure in public sector IT.