Scientists discovered 'Pinocchio Chameleon' after 150-Years in Madagascar

Pinocchio chameleon (Image: X/@UncagedBeing)

Scientists have reclassified the Pinocchio chameleon as a separate species. It was misidentified for over 150 years by global taxonomists. DNA analysis revealed its evolutionary identity differs from historical assumptions. This finding resolves a century-old herpetology classification error effectively.

Researchers identified another species, Calumma hofreiteri, previously hidden among museum specimens. It had been mistaken due to similar elongated nasal features. Madagascar hosts diverse reptiles that rapidly evolve and complicate classification. Both species now contribute to the island’s unique reptile biodiversity.

Scientists used a museomics approach to extract DNA from old specimens. One specimen dates back to 1836, preserved in museum collections. DNA clarified evolutionary relationships masked by similar external appearances. Museum collections prove valuable for modern biodiversity research and discovery.

Elongated noses vary in shape, length and colour across individuals. Variation likely results from sexual selection and female mate preference. Superficial anatomy alone can mislead classification of genetically distinct species. Genetics now reveal hidden diversity within closely related reptiles effectively.

Madagascar now officially hosts 100 recognised chameleon species, highlighting conservation priorities. Correct identification informs protection strategies and ecological monitoring programs worldwide. This research reinforces combining genetics with traditional taxonomy for accuracy. It highlights preserving historical specimens as resources for new discoveries.

The study sheds light on rapid reptile diversification and evolutionary mechanisms. It underscores the importance of integrating morphology with genetic analysis. Discoveries help scientists trace evolutionary history and adaptation patterns clearly. Chameleons illustrate how hidden species may remain undetected for centuries.