Childhood arthritis vs growing pain: Know the difference between the two to prevent joint damage

Causes of childhood arthritis: This condition occurs when a child's immune system becomes overly active, causing inflammation that makes the joints swell (Image: Canva)

Have you ever noticed a child dragging their feet in the morning, struggling to button a shirt, or hesitating before running with friends? Perhaps their knee appears a bit swollen after play, or they favour one leg over the other. These small, easily overlooked signs can sometimes indicate something more serious.

Arthritis, simply put, is the swelling or inflammation of the joints. In children, it is known as childhood arthritis or juvenile arthritis. Unlike a temporary childhood ache, it is a chronic condition that can significantly impact a child's mobility, comfort, and growth. When a child has arthritis, everyday tasks like walking, running, and dressing can become difficult, and the joint damage can be long-lasting.

Childhood arthritis occurs when a child's immune system becomes overly active, causing inflammation that makes the joints swell. This inflammation can lead to pain, loss of motion, and, if not properly managed, permanent joint damage. Such damage can make ordinary childhood activities challenging or, in severe cases, lead to disability.

Symptoms and causes of childhood arthritis

Symptoms of childhood arthritis vary from child to child. Some may experience joint swelling, while others might appear tired, lose appetite, or run a fever. Joints may feel stiff, a child might suddenly hop instead of walking, or they might avoid certain activities altogether. There can also be skin rashes or general fatigue.

Although the exact cause is unknown, it is believed that childhood arthritis results from an immune system malfunction that mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissue, causing inflammation. Due to its variable presentation, it can be confused with growing pains, injuries, or common childhood ailments, making a specialist, ideally a paediatric rheumatologist, crucial for diagnosis.

How to prevent childhood arthritis

There is no sure way to prevent childhood arthritis, as its origins remain unclear. However, families and doctors can manage the condition to reduce discomfort and maintain mobility. Treatment often involves a plan created by medical specialists, along with appropriate physical activities tailored to the child's comfort level, such as swimming, gentle cycling, and stretching.

These movements help keep joints flexible, preserve muscle strength, and support overall well-being. Regular check-ups can help monitor the joints and catch flare-ups early, potentially avoiding long-term damage.

FAQs on Childhood Arthritis

Childhood arthritis, also known as juvenile arthritis, is a chronic condition marked by joint inflammation, causing pain and swelling. It can hinder a child's mobility and affect their daily activities.

Symptoms vary but may include joint swelling, stiffness, fatigue, fever, rashes, and difficulty in performing everyday tasks like walking or dressing.

The exact cause is unknown, but it is believed to result from an immune system malfunction that attacks healthy joint tissue, leading to inflammation.

Due to its similarities with other conditions, a paediatric rheumatologist is essential for diagnosis, using medical history, physical exams, and possibly lab tests to confirm.

There is no known prevention, but proper management through medical care and tailored physical activities can help reduce discomfort and preserve joint function. Regular check-ups are crucial.