Sunburn and sun poisoning are two common ailments that occur when our skin receives too much sun exposure. Sunburn typically presents with red, inflamed skin, accompanied by pain, tenderness, and sometimes blisters.
On the other hand, sun poisoning, also known as severe sunburn, is a more serious condition that goes beyond the typical symptoms of sunburn. In addition to redness and pain, sun poisoning can cause more severe symptoms such as blistering, fever, chills, nausea, headache, and dehydration. These symptoms may require medical treatment to reduce discomfort and prevent complications.
According to a study published in PubMed, sun exposure can trigger photosensitivity diseases in people with inherited or acquired disorders, leading to acute skin reactions that may require emergency care. Common disorders in this category include sunburn, lupus erythematosus, porphyria, photosensitivity dermatitis, and polymorphous light eruption.
Understanding the causes and factors that contribute to these conditions is essential in protecting our skin. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), sunburn occurs when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun for an extended period. UV radiation damages the DNA in our skin cells, leading to inflammation and the characteristic redness associated with sunburn. Factors such as skin type, time of day, geographical location, and altitude can all influence how quickly sunburn occurs and its severity.
So, how much sun is enough? The NIH recommends limiting sun exposure during peak hours, typically between 10 am and 4 pm when the sun's rays are strongest.
Prevention is key when it comes to avoiding the discomfort and potential dangers of sunburn and sun poisoning:
Limit direct sun exposure: Seek shade, especially during midday hours when the sun is strongest. Take breaks in shaded areas as it can reduce your overall sun exposure and lower your risk of sunburn and sun poisoning.
Shield your skin: Wear protective clothing to cover exposed skin. Opt for lightweight, tightly woven fabrics that provide coverage, such as long-sleeved shirts and pants. Donning a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses can also offer additional protection to vulnerable areas like your face and eyes.
Quench your thirst: Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated, especially on hot, sunny days. Proper hydration helps maintain the health of your skin and can prevent dehydration, which can worsen the effects of sun exposure.
Avoid tanning beds: Steer clear of tanning beds, as they expose your skin to artificial UV radiation, increasing the risk of sunburn and skin cancer. Opt for safer alternatives to achieve a sun-kissed glow, such as self-tanning lotions or sprays.
Mindful of medication: Check your medications for potential photosensitivity side effects. Some medications can make your skin more sensitive to the sun, increasing the risk of sunburn and sun poisoning. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for guidance on sun-safe alternatives or additional protective measures.
Be sun smart: Pay attention to UV index forecasts and take appropriate precautions when spending time outdoors. Plan outdoor activities during the early morning or late afternoon when UV radiation is less intense, and always carry sunscreen and protective clothing for added defence against the sun's harmful rays.
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