Symptoms of prostate cancer: Blood in urine, pain are warning signs, here's what men should know

Early detection significantly increases survival rates, as prostate cancer is often slow-growing and can be managed effectively if identified in the initial stages. (Image: Canva)

September is recognised as Prostate Cancer Awareness Month, a time dedicated to raising awareness about one of the most common cancers affecting men worldwide. Prostate cancer, which develops in the prostate gland, primarily affects older men, but younger men with a family history are also at risk. This month focuses on educating the public about the risk factors, symptoms, and the critical importance of early detection. With prostate cancer being the second leading cause of cancer death among men, awareness initiatives aim to promote regular screenings and highlight advances in treatment options.

Early detection significantly increases survival rates, as prostate cancer is often slow-growing and can be managed effectively if identified in the initial stages. Through regular PSA tests and check-ups, men can take control of their health and reduce the chances of the disease advancing. Senior Oncologist Dr Rahul Makkar at RMLH Hospital, Vaishali, shares key insights on what men should know about prostate cancer to stay informed and proactive.

Risk increases with age

Prostate cancer primarily affects men over the age of 50, with the risk rising significantly after 65. However, men with a family history of prostate cancer or those of African descent have a higher risk and should consider early screening.

Early detection is key

Prostate cancer can be slow-growing and may not present symptoms in its early stages. Regular screening, including the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test and digital rectal exams, can detect it before symptoms arise, improving treatment outcomes.

Know the symptoms

Although symptoms are often absent in the early stages, men should be aware of potential warning signs, including difficulty urinating, frequent urination (especially at night), blood in urine or semen, and pain in the hips, back, or pelvis.

Also see | Pain Awareness Month: Do's and don'ts if you have chronic pain

Not all prostate cancers are aggressive

While some prostate cancers are slow-growing and may not require immediate treatment, others are aggressive and need prompt attention. Doctors may recommend active surveillance for low-risk cases, while more aggressive cancers may need surgery, radiation, or other therapies.

Family history matters

Men with a family history of prostate cancer are at a higher risk, especially if a father, brother, or uncle was diagnosed. Genetic factors play a role, so those with a family history should consider earlier and more frequent screenings.

Lifestyle choices impact risk

Healthy lifestyle habits can help reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with regular physical activity, can support prostate health. Reducing red meat and fat intake, along with avoiding smoking, can also help lower risk.

Treatment options vary

Treatment for prostate cancer depends on its stage and aggressiveness. Options range from active surveillance for low-risk cases to surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy for more advanced stages. Discussing the pros and cons of each treatment with a healthcare provider is crucial.

By staying informed, getting regular screenings, and making healthy lifestyle choices, men can significantly reduce the risks associated with prostate cancer.