Swelling, dark patches could be symptoms of lip cancer, here's what you should know

Lip cancer is a type of oral cancer that affects the lips, often presenting as a persistent sore, lump, or ulcer. (Image: Canva)

Lip cancer is a type of oral cancer that affects the lips, often presenting as a persistent sore, lump, or ulcer. It can be caused by several factors, including tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, chronic sun exposure, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. People with weakened immune systems, or those who chew betel quid, are also at increased risk. Recent years have seen a rise in lip cancer cases, attributed to several factors. Increased tobacco use, especially among younger populations, and excessive alcohol consumption are significant contributors.

Additionally, greater exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to less use of sun protection has played a role. The prevalence of HPV infections, linked to various cancers, has also contributed to the rise. Awareness and early detection remain crucial as these rising cases highlight the need for preventive measures and regular screenings to address this growing health concern effectively, says Dr Mrunal Sharma, an oncologist at Indira Hospital in Bhopal.

Causes of lip cancer

Tobacco use: Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, as well as using smokeless tobacco, is a significant risk factor.

Excessive alcohol consumption: Heavy drinking increases the risk, especially when combined with tobacco use.

Sun exposure: Chronic exposure to UV radiation from the sun can damage the lips and increase the risk of lip cancer.

Human papillomavirus (HPV): Certain strains of HPV can increase the risk of oral cancers, including lip cancer.

Chewing betel quid: This practice, common in some cultures, can increase the risk of oral cancer.

Weakened immune system: Conditions or treatments that suppress the immune system can increase susceptibility.

Symptoms of lip cancer

Persistent sores or ulcers: Sores or ulcers on the lips that do not heal within a few weeks.

Changes in lip colour: White, red, or dark patches on the lips or inside the mouth.

Lumps or bumps: Unusual lumps or swelling on the lips.

Also see | Dementia: Manage blood pressure, ensure quality sleep, exercise daily to reduce risk

Bleeding: Unexplained bleeding from the lips or mouth.

Pain or tenderness: Persistent pain or sensitivity in the lip area.

Difficulty swallowing: Trouble eating or swallowing that may indicate cancer spread.

Numbness: Loss of feeling or numbness in the lips or surrounding areas.

How to prevent lip cancer

Avoid tobacco: Stop using all forms of tobacco, including smoking and chewing tobacco.

Limit alcohol intake: Reduce alcohol consumption to lower the risk.

Sun protection: Use lip balm with SPF and avoid excessive sun exposure. Wearing a wide-brimmed hat can also help.

Healthy diet: Eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, which may help lower cancer risk.

Regular dental check-ups: Schedule regular visits to the dentist to monitor oral health and detect early signs of cancer.

Good oral hygiene: Brush and floss regularly to maintain oral health and reduce the risks associated with poor oral hygiene.

HPV vaccination: Consider HPV vaccination, which may reduce the risk of cancers associated with HPV, including oral cancers.