DOGE notches courtroom wins as Elon Musk crusades to slash US federal govt

Most notably, DOGE critics are failing to obtain temporary restraining orders that would prevent Musk’s team from accessing sensitive government databases.

Although some parts of US President Donald Trump’s agenda are getting bogged down by litigation, Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) is having better luck in the courtroom.

Labour unions, Democrats, and federal employees have filed several lawsuits arguing that DOGE is running roughshod over privacy protections or usurping power from other branches of government. But judges appointed by both Democratic and Republican presidents haven’t always agreed with those arguments—at least so far.

Most notably, DOGE critics are failing to obtain temporary restraining orders that would prevent Musk’s team from accessing sensitive government databases.

“It is not the job of the federal courts to police the security of the information systems in the executive branch,” wrote US District Judge Randolph Moss in a case involving the Office of Personnel Management. Moss was appointed by President Barack Obama.

The success is striking given the other challenges that Trump has faced in the judicial system, which has blocked—at least temporarily—his efforts to limit birthright citizenship, freeze congressionally authorized foreign aid, and stop some healthcare services for transgender youth.

If Musk’s opponents continue struggling to gain traction with lawsuits, he could be largely unencumbered in his crusade to downsize the federal government and workforce.

“The continued successes in the courts in favour of the Trump administration shouldn’t be a surprise to anyone who has ever read our great Constitution, which clearly lays out the role of the Executive Branch, and which President Trump and his entire administration are following to a T,” said Harrison Fields, the White House deputy press secretary, in a statement.

An exception to DOGE’s legal victories has been a lawsuit regarding Treasury Department systems, which are used to distribute trillions of dollars in federal money. A judge in Washington restricted DOGE’s access to two staff members, while another judge in New York has temporarily blocked DOGE altogether.

Norm Eisen, a lawyer who worked for House Democrats during their first impeachment of Trump, said it was too early to say that the legal efforts wouldn’t work. He noted that US District Judge Tanya Chutkan, also appointed by Obama, expressed concern about Musk’s apparent “unchecked authority” in a case involving federal data and worker layoffs.

Although she didn’t issue a temporary restraining order sought by Democratic attorneys general from 14 states, Chutkan said they could still make a strong argument that Musk and DOGE violated the Constitution as the case progresses.

Eisen is representing current and former employees at the US Agency for International Development, which was shut down by Musk and Trump. His lawsuit alleges that Musk and DOGE are exercising powers that should only belong to those elected by voters or confirmed by the Senate.

John Yoo, a law professor at the University of California, Berkeley, said an important factor has been the administration’s contention that Musk is a presidential advisor without any independent authority. He noted echoes of a legal battle from the 1990s when Hillary Clinton chaired a healthcare task force as First Lady. A federal appeals court in Washington ruled that the task force did not need to comply with rules on open meetings.

“That’s how they’re winning the lawsuits,” Yoo said. “They’re trying to stay on the side of the line that the DC circuit has drawn.”

US District Judge Deborah Boardman heard more than three hours of arguments on Wednesday on a request for a temporary restraining order in a lawsuit challenging DOGE’s access to personal information collected by the federal government. She did not issue a decision and expressed skepticism about the argument from labour unions. But she also pressed administration lawyers on why DOGE representatives “need to know everything.”

Emily Hall of the Justice Department said DOGE was tasked with making “broad, sweeping reforms” that require such access.

“It’s a pretty vague answer,” responded Boardman, who was appointed by President Joe Biden.

A major victory for Trump and Musk came in Boston, where US District Judge George O’Toole Jr. allowed the administration to implement its deferred resignation program.

Commonly described as a buyout, the program allows workers to quit while getting paid until September 30. It was challenged by a group of labour unions, but O’Toole ruled against them on technical legal grounds, saying they didn’t have standing to sue. O’Toole was appointed by President Bill Clinton.

Moss, the judge in the case involving the Office of Personnel Management, also decided not to block Musk’s team from viewing Education Department data. He pointed out that DOGE employees had testified in court papers that they would follow laws around information sharing.

US District Judge John Bates, an appointee of President George W. Bush, also did not stand in the way of DOGE’s involvement at the Department of Labor, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.

Although Bates said he had “serious concerns” about the privacy issues raised by the legally complex case, he found that the evidence did not yet justify a court block.

Administration lawyers said the DOGE team was not “running rampant, accessing any data system they desire” and had undergone security training and signed nondisclosure agreements.