How did India and Pakistan reach ceasefire pact?

The Indian armed forces targeted several key Pakistani military installations deep inside the country

After President Donald Trump on May 10 said the United States mediated a ceasefire between India and Pakistan, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MEA) said an understanding was reached with Islamabad in direct talks.

However, violations of the truce were reported later on Saturday as explosions rang out across various districts along the LoC.

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Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri, in a press briefing, said that India takes "very, very serious notice of these violations."

Here’s what led to the decision after four days of heated exchanges.

•Between May 8 and 10, Indian Air Force (IAF) fighter jets reportedly struck 11 military air bases across Pakistan in a coordinated, precision-led campaign.

The Indian armed forces targeted several key Pakistani military installations deep inside the country, including air bases at Rafiqui (Shorkot), Murid (Chakwal), Nur Khan (Chaklala), Rahim Yar Khan, Sukkur, Chunian (Kasur), and critical radar installations at Pasrur and Sialkot. Major damage was also reported at airfields in Skardu, Bholari, Jacobabad, and Sargodha.

During a media briefing, Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri, along with Colonel Sofiya Qureshi and Wing Commander Vyomika Singh, stressed that India remains committed to non-escalation, provided such restraint is reciprocated by Pakistan.

•In the wee hours of May 10, Indian Air Force aircraft launched BrahMos-A (air-launched) cruise missiles targeting key Pakistan Air Force (PAF) bases. The first confirmed impacts were at Chaklala near Rawalpindi and Sargodha in Punjab province.

•US President Doanld Trump announced that India and Pakistan have agreed to a full and immediate ceasefire. The development was unexpected, considering the two sides had exchanged heavy fire just hours before.

"After a long night of talks mediated by the United States, I am pleased to announce that India and Pakistan have agreed to a FULL AND IMMEDIATE CEASEFIRE. Congratulations to both Countries on using Common Sense and Great Intelligence. Thank you for your attention to this matter," the US President posted om X.

• Pakistan’s Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar also confirmed that both countries have agreed to a ceasefire with immediate effect.

• According to an MEA statement, the Director General of Military Operations of Pakistan called the DGMO of India at 15.35 hours on Saturday. “It was agreed between them that both sides would stop all firing and military action on land and in the air and sea with effect from 1700 hours Indian Standard Time today," it said.

• Pakistan reopened its airspace for all flights. The airspace was closed after India launched airstrikes in response to repeated ceasefire violations by Pakistan over the Line of Control (LoC).