Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious airborne disease that primarily affects the lungs. It spreads when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or even speaks, releasing bacteria into the air. While medical treatment is essential, adopting a few lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of contracting TB.
Strengthening your immune system, maintaining hygiene, and taking preventive measures can protect you and those around you, says Dr Arun Chowdary Kotaru, Head and Senior Consultant, Pulmonology & Sleep Medicine, Artemis Hospitals. “TB prevention is within our control. Small lifestyle changes can have a big impact on personal and public health. Simple habits like proper hygiene, a balanced diet, and avoiding smoking can drastically lower TB susceptibility,” he explains.
Dr Kotaru suggests these simple easy everyday changes to safeguard your health:
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- Maintain hygiene: Since TB spreads through airborne droplets, maintaining hygiene is one of the first steps in reducing exposure. “Always cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when sneezing or coughing to prevent the bacteria from circulating in the air. Regular handwashing with soap and water can further limit germ transmission,” suggests Dr Kotaru.
- Proper ventilation: Good ventilation is important in living areas and working spaces. TB bacteria thrive in closed, poorly ventilated areas, increasing the risk of transmission. “Opening windows and allowing good airflow can help dilute and remove airborne bacteria. A well-ventilated room can help decrease bacterial concentration, reducing the risk of infection, especially in crowded areas,” he says. Additionally, regularly disinfecting frequently touched surfaces, such as doorknobs and mobile phones, can prevent bacterial buildup.
- Build your immunity: A strong immune system is essential in fighting off infections, including TB. “Consuming a nutrient-rich diet helps the body build resistance. Include plenty of fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and protein sources such as eggs, fish, and pulses. Foods rich in vitamin C, like citrus fruits and bell peppers, enhance immunity, while zinc-rich foods such as nuts and seeds support immune function,” he says.
- Hydration: It is equally important. “Drinking sufficient water aids in detoxification and body function. Processed foods, excessive sugar, and unhealthy fats can weaken immunity and should be minimised,” warns Dr Kotaru. Good nutrition, he says, is the backbone of disease prevention. “A well-balanced diet not only boosts immunity but also helps in faster recovery if someone contracts TB,” he says.
- Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption: Smoking damages the lungs and weakens their defense mechanisms, making you more vulnerable to TB infection. “Even exposure to secondhand smoke increases susceptibility. Studies show that smokers are twice as likely to develop active TB compared to non-smokers. Quitting smoking can improve your lung health and lower this risk of TB,” says Dr Kotaru.
Similarly, excessive alcohol consumption weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight infections. “Alcohol abuse is linked to a higher incidence of TB, as it can impair the body’s ability to respond to bacterial infections” Dr Kotaru advises, and adds, “Reducing tobacco and alcohol use strengthens the body's natural defence system, decreasing the likelihood of TB infection and aiding in faster recovery.”
Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.
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