If you are feeding your dog home-cooked meals, their complete nutrition should be your utmost priority. Dogs need protein, fats, carbs and vitamins for a complete balanced meal. Proper nutrition isn’t just about filling their bowl; it’s about ensuring they have all the essential nutrients to stay healthy, active, and full of energy.
By understanding your dog’s specific needs based on their age, breed, size, and activity level, you can create a diet that keeps them happy and healthy.
Here are the essential nutrients your dog needs, how to meet their dietary requirements, and tips for choosing the best food for your furry companion.
Essential nutrients for dogs
- Proteins
Proteins are essential for muscle development and overall health in dogs, according to WebMD Pets. They are critical for building and repairing tissues, producing enzymes and hormones, and maintaining a strong immune system. Include high-quality animal proteins like boiled eggs, chicken, lamb, and fish in your dog’s diet. Lentils can also be included in moderation but should always be cooked to avoid digestive issues.
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- Fats
Fats provide your pets with energy and give your dogs a shiny coat and healthy skin. Fats also make the absorption of certain vitamins and minerals easier and more effective, according to the ASPCA. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are particularly beneficial for dogs, so feed your dog with chicken fat, coconut oil, fish oil, flaxseed oil or ask your vet about these supplements.
- Carbohydrates
Carbs supply your dogs with energy and fibre, they support digestion and gut health, according to the American Kennel Club. While not essential, carbs can be a valuable addition to a balanced diet. Rice, and vegetables like sweet potatoes, carrots, and pumpkin are excellent sources of carbs for dogs.
- Vitamins and minerals
Vitamins and minerals are essential for their metabolic processes, bone health, and overall vitality. “A balanced diet provides the necessary vitamins and minerals for optimal canine health,” says the Mayo Clinic for Pets. Give fresh, dog-safe fruits and vegetables like spinach, cucumber, apples (without seeds), and blueberries (if available). Avoid onions, garlic, and grapes, as these are toxic to dogs.
- Water
Water is the most vital nutrient for dogs, essential for digestion, temperature regulation, and cellular functions. Dehydration can quickly lead to serious health issues. Ensure your dog always has access to clean, fresh water. Replace the water daily and clean the bowl regularly.
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Factors influencing dietary needs
- Age and life stage
A dog’s age plays a significant role in determining their nutritional needs. For example, puppies need very high-calorie diets with lots of protein and calcium to support their fast growth and bone development, while adult dogs need a balanced diet that supports their energy levels and maintains a healthy weight.
On the other hand, as your dog becomes a senior, they should be eating a lower-calorie diet to prevent weight gain and their diet should also include nutrients that support joint health or their specific health needs.
If you are feeding only home-cooked meals, make sure you add vet-recommended supplements to cover any nutritional gaps.
- Breed and size
Their diets also vary according to their breeds and sizes. Large breeds that tend to suffer often from arthritis need nutrients that support their joints. Meanwhile, small breeds, with their fast metabolisms, require calorie-dense foods to meet their energy needs without overfeeding.
- Activity level
Active dogs require more calories and protein to fuel their energy, while less active dogs need lower-calorie diets to avoid weight gain.
- Health conditions
Dogs with conditions like allergies, diabetes, or kidney disease require specialized diets. Always consult a veterinarian for tailored recommendations.
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Final tips for pet owners
- Avoid common ingredients harmful to dogs: Many spices, onions, garlic, chocolate, and certain lentils can be toxic to dogs.
- Stick to fresh ingredients: Opt for seasonal vegetables and avoid leftovers that may contain harmful additives like salt, masalas, or oil.
- Use high-quality dog food when possible: While home-cooked meals are popular in India, supplementing them with high-quality commercial dog food ensures balanced nutrition. Indian brands like Drools and Pedigree India provide locally formulated options.
- Feed based on the weather: In hot climates, prioritize hydrating foods like cucumbers or watermelon (without seeds). In colder months, nutrient-dense options like sweet potatoes and ghee in moderation can help maintain energy levels.
With the right balance of nutrients, appropriate portions, and professional guidance, your furry companion will thrive for years to come.
Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.
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