Vampire squid genome reveals deep origins linking modern octopuses and ancient squids

A mysterious deep-sea creature has now offered scientists a rare look into the distant past, as new research uncovers clues hidden in its enormous genome. The findings prompted a simple question for researchers: how did modern octopuses evolve from ancient squid-like ancestors?

Largest cephalopod genome and key evolutionary clues
Researchers from Vienna and Japan sequenced the largest cephalopod genome. They analysed the genome of the vampire squid from deep waters. They found evidence linking octopuses to ancient squid-like ancestors. They discovered parts of an old chromosomal structure still present. They confirmed the species retains a squid-like genetic blueprint today. They said this helps explain its unusual mix of features. They reported the findings through an international research collaboration.

Why is the vampire squid central to this scientific puzzle?
It has eight arms like common octopuses today. It also shows traits seen in squid and cuttlefish groups. It survives quietly in dark deep-sea habitats worldwide. Its appearance hides many clues about its ancient history. Japanese researchers call it the “bat-octopus” for its cloak-like webbing. Its genome reveals its position between two key lineages. It helps trace the early stages of cephalopod evolution.

How large is the genome unveiled in the study?
It spans more than 11 billion genetic base pairs. It is nearly four times larger than the human genome. It is the largest cephalopod genome examined so far. Scientists said its structure stays surprisingly well preserved. They described it as a “genomic living fossil” species. It retains an ancestral decapodiform-like chromosomal pattern today. Modern octopuses show fused and rearranged chromosomes instead.