Hyperpigmentation is a condition marked by excessive production and accumulation of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colour, in certain areas of the skin. This results in darker patches or spots compared to the surrounding skin.
Hyperpigmentation can arise from various factors, says Dr Anuradha Sharma, Medical Advisor at Fixderma. These include inflammation, hormonal changes, sun exposure, and certain medications. Indian skin tones, which have higher melanin levels, are more prone to hyperpigmentation. Lifestyle factors like diet, sun exposure, sleep, and stress also play a significant role. A lack of essential nutrients, such as vitamins A, C, and E, can impair the skin’s ability to heal and protect itself, worsening pigmentation issues.
Here are a few tips, suggested by Dr Sharma, to stop hyperpigmentation:
Prioritise sun protection: The very first step involves protecting your skin from harmful UVA and UVB rays of the sun by applying a broad spectrum sunscreen with SPF 50. A potent sunblock should be used at least three times daily, repeated at equal intervals even when staying indoors. Wear protective clothing, and avoid stepping out during peak hours.
Exfoliate: Gently exfoliate your skin to get rid of the accumulation of dead skin cells. This promotes the growth of new healthy cells. Use exfoliants like alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) or beta-hydroxy acids (BHAs) 2-3 times per week for visible, positive results.
Hydrate and moisturise: Drink plenty of water to keep your skin and body well-hydrated. Also, know your skin type and use a suitable moisturiser to keep your skin barrier healthy.
Include skin brightening ingredients: Use key ingredients which are known for their skin brightening properties, these include:
Vitamin C: This powerful antioxidant is well-known for its ability to brighten the skin. It works by neutralising free radicals that can damage skin cells and accelerate aging. Additionally, Vitamin C helps inhibit melanin production, the pigment responsible for dark spots and uneven skin tone.
Niacinamide: Also known as Vitamin B3, niacinamide helps to diminish the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation by inhibiting melanin transfer to the skin's surface. It also enhances skin texture by promoting the production of ceramides, which strengthen the skin barrier and improve hydration.
Kojic acid: Kojic acid is a natural compound that works by inhibiting tyrosinase, the enzyme that plays a vital role in the production of melanin. By reducing tyrosinase activity, kojic acid helps to treat hyperpigmented areas and even out skin tone.
Consistency is key: Be patient and consistent with your skincare routine. Your skin renews itself every 28-40 days, thus, it takes time for products and ingredients to show visible improvements. Also, avoid picking or popping acne, as it can irritate the skin and lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Rely on for professional advice: A professional skin care expert should be consulted for curating a skin care routine for hyperpigmentation. Dermatologists have numerous options for treatment along with skin care regimen, which include medical grade chemical peels and laser treatment.
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